Figures & data
Figure 1. The synthesis route of Lac-NCTD.
Figure 2. Particle size distribution analysis using a Zetasizer Nano particle analyzer.
Figure 3. TEM photograph of Lac-NCTD-NPs (×50,000).
Figure 4.
In vitro release of Lac-NCTD from nanoparticles in various mediums compared to Lac-NCTD. 
, physiologic saline for Lac-NCTD 
, physiologic saline for Lac-NCTD-NPs 
, PBS (pH = 6.0) for Lac-NCTD 
, PBS (pH = 6.0) for Lac-NCTD-NPs (− + −), PBS (pH = 7.4) for Lac-NCTD 
PBS (pH = 7.4) for Lac-NCTD-NPs 
, RPMI1640-10% FBS for Lac-NCTD and 
RPMI1640-10% FBS for Lac-NCTD-NPs 
.
Figure 5. Cytotoxic effects of Lacto-NCTD on various cell lines including (a) HepG2; (b) SMMC-7721; and (c) SGC-7901, at given time points: including 12 h 
, 48 h 
and 72 h (− × −).
Figure 6. IC50 values of various formulations treated by two different mediums on various cell lines, including (a) HepG2; (b) SMMC-7721; and (c) SGC-7901; NCTD (RPMI-1640 10% FBS) 
, Lac-NCTD (RPMI-1640 10% FBS) 
, Lac-NCTD (RPMI-1640 10% Gal-FBS) 
, Lac-NCTD-NPs (RPMI-1640 10% FBS) 
and Lac-NCTD-NPs (RPMI-1640 10% Gal-FBS) (▪).
Figure 7. Determination of Lac-NCTD accumulated in SMMC-7721 cells: (a) blank cell homogenate; (b) Lac-NCTD control aliquot reference substance; and (c) cell homogenate sample with Lac-NCTD; 1.Lac-NCTD.
Figure 8. Half-life of Lac-NCTD in RPM-I1640 medium (without cells).
Figure 9. Tumour growth inhibition by various formulations containing the same mole of effective NCTD in H22-bearing mice (n = 10): PhyS 
, Lac-NCTD medium dose 
and Lac-NCTD-NPs medium dose 
.
