β-Glucosidase immobilisation on synthetic superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their application in saccharification of wheat straw and Eucalyptus globulus pulps

Figures & data

Figure 1. TEM image and diameter distributions of magnetite nanoparticles.

Figure 2. FT-IR spectra of magnetite and magnetite coated with 3-APTS.

Figure 3. Hysteresis loops magnetite and magnetite coated with 3-APTS.

Table 1. Chemical composition of raw wheat straw, WS-SE, raw E. globulus, EG-H and EG-HA.

	Wheat straw		E. globulus
	Raw material	WS-SE	Raw material	EG-H	EG-HA
Compound	% dwb	% dwb^a	% dwb	% dwb^a	% dwb^a
Glucane	36.4	31.9	45.6	45.1	44.2
Arabinane	1.9	nd	0.1	nd	nd
Xylane	19.8	1.2	17.5	6.4	2.3
Lignin	13.6	11.0	26.2	23.8	10.5
Notes: nd = not detectable.
^aDry weight in basis of raw material.

Figure 4. Glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw and E. globulus pulps at 72 h with immobilised β-glucosidase and free cellulase used three times. I-βG F-C (1), (2), (3): immobilised β-glucosidase and free cellulase (numbers of use); F-βG F-C: free β-glucosidase and free cellulase; F-C: free cellulase.