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Original Articles

Calcium alginate nanocarriers as possible vehicles for oral delivery of insulin

, &
Pages 337-356 | Received 18 Oct 2011, Accepted 24 Jan 2012, Published online: 18 May 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. FTIR spectra of native (a) and (b) insulin-loaded alginate nanoparticles.

Figure 1. FTIR spectra of native (a) and (b) insulin-loaded alginate nanoparticles.

Figure 2. SEM of alginate nanoparticles.

Figure 2. SEM of alginate nanoparticles.

Figure 3. Particle size distribution of nanoparticles.

Figure 3. Particle size distribution of nanoparticles.

Table 1. Surface potential of unloaded and loaded alginate nanoparticles.

Table 2. Data showing the release exponent and diffusion coefficient under varying experimental conditions.

Figure 4. Effect of % loading of insulin on its release profile for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4 and temperature = 37°C.

Figure 4. Effect of % loading of insulin on its release profile for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4 and temperature = 37°C.

Figure 5. Effect of varying amount of alginate content in nanoparticles on release profiles of insulin for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 5. Effect of varying amount of alginate content in nanoparticles on release profiles of insulin for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Table 3. Data showing the influence of composition and experimental condition on the equilibrium swelling ratio.

Figure 6. Effect of varying amounts of calcium chloride (crosslinker) on release profiles of insulin for a definite composition of nanoparticles (gelatine) = 1.0 g, pH = 7.4, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 6. Effect of varying amounts of calcium chloride (crosslinker) on release profiles of insulin for a definite composition of nanoparticles (gelatine) = 1.0 g, pH = 7.4, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 7. Variation in released amount of insulin with changing pH of the release medium for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 7. Variation in released amount of insulin with changing pH of the release medium for a definite composition of nanoparticles (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, temperature = 37°C and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 8. Effect of physiological fluids on the released amount of insulin for a definite nanoparticles composition (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4 and % loading = 38.90%.

Figure 8. Effect of physiological fluids on the released amount of insulin for a definite nanoparticles composition (alginate) = 1.0 g, (calcium chloride) = 0.5 mM, pH = 7.4 and % loading = 38.90%.

Table 4. Data showing the swelling ratio of the particle in various simulated physiological media.

Table 5. Data showing the in vitro blood compatibility parameters for the gelatin nanoparticles.

Figure 9. UV spectra of (a) native insulin and (b) released insulin showing the evidence of chemical integrity of the drug.

Figure 9. UV spectra of (a) native insulin and (b) released insulin showing the evidence of chemical integrity of the drug.

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