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Research Article

Damage tolerance behaviour of cloisite 15A incorporated recycled polypropylene nanocomposites and bionanocomposites

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Pages 1110-1126 | Received 08 Sep 2015, Accepted 07 May 2016, Published online: 09 Jun 2016

Figures & data

Figure 1. Single-edge-notch specimen (SEN).

Figure 1. Single-edge-notch specimen (SEN).

Figure 2. Damage tolerance () calculation methodology.

Figure 2. Damage tolerance () calculation methodology.

Table 1. Mechanical properties of rPP its nanocomposites and bionanocomposites.

Figure 3. Stress--strain behaviour of rPP, its nanocomposites and bionanocomposites: (a) tensile; (b) flexural.

Figure 3. Stress--strain behaviour of rPP, its nanocomposites and bionanocomposites: (a) tensile; (b) flexural.

Figure 5. Stress–strain behaviour of rPP and its nanocomposites at single-edge-notch specimen (SEN) of a/W 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6, respectively.

Figure 5. Stress–strain behaviour of rPP and its nanocomposites at single-edge-notch specimen (SEN) of a/W 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6, respectively.

Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopy of tensile fractures: (a) SEN testing; (b) rPP; (c) nanocomposites; (d) untreated bionanocomposites; (e) mercerised bionanocomposites samples.

Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopy of tensile fractures: (a) SEN testing; (b) rPP; (c) nanocomposites; (d) untreated bionanocomposites; (e) mercerised bionanocomposites samples.

Figure 7. Probable physical or chemical interactions of nanoclay and mercerised sisal fibres in rPP matrix.

Figure 7. Probable physical or chemical interactions of nanoclay and mercerised sisal fibres in rPP matrix.

Figure 8. Theoretical and experimental interfacial interactions of nanoclay and untreated/mercerised sisal fibres in rPP matrix.

Figure 8. Theoretical and experimental interfacial interactions of nanoclay and untreated/mercerised sisal fibres in rPP matrix.

Figure 9. Transmission electron micrographs of rPP/C15a nanocomposites at (a) 100 nm and (b) 0.5 µm magnifications.

Figure 9. Transmission electron micrographs of rPP/C15a nanocomposites at (a) 100 nm and (b) 0.5 µm magnifications.

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