Figures & data
Figure 6. (a–d) Photos of diffusion cell at RT for 168h; (e)The concentration of the VO2+ ions in the receiving reservoir of the diffusion cell with membranes as a function of time.
![Figure 6. (a–d) Photos of diffusion cell at RT for 168h; (e)The concentration of the VO2+ ions in the receiving reservoir of the diffusion cell with membranes as a function of time.](/cms/asset/49a50a43-2333-4895-8e38-85a01c6834cc/tjen_a_2327288_f0006_c.jpg)
Figure 7. (a) The molecular structure and (b) the electrostatic potential of SOPBI, (c) The molecular structures and (d) the binding energy of SOPBI-H1 and SOPBI-H2.
![Figure 7. (a) The molecular structure and (b) the electrostatic potential of SOPBI, (c) The molecular structures and (d) the binding energy of SOPBI-H1 and SOPBI-H2.](/cms/asset/9d581ac4-78db-4111-a57c-e0b0c05a5592/tjen_a_2327288_f0007_c.jpg)
Figure 8. (a) Schematic illustration of an all-vanadium redox flow batteries; (b) Charge-discharge curves of various membranes at a current density of 100 mA cm−2; CE (c), VE (d) and EE (e) of VRFB single cells assembled with: Nafion212 and SOPBI membranes at various current densities; (f) Cycling performance of the VRFB single cell with SOPBI at 120 mA cm−2.
![Figure 8. (a) Schematic illustration of an all-vanadium redox flow batteries; (b) Charge-discharge curves of various membranes at a current density of 100 mA cm−2; CE (c), VE (d) and EE (e) of VRFB single cells assembled with: Nafion212 and SOPBI membranes at various current densities; (f) Cycling performance of the VRFB single cell with SOPBI at 120 mA cm−2.](/cms/asset/1032b48d-5021-4ce3-aeb9-71fa6c263140/tjen_a_2327288_f0008_c.jpg)
Data availability statement (DAS)
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.