Ischaemic preconditioning improves upper-body endurance performance without altering V̇O₂ kinetics

Figures & data

Figure 1. Time-to-exhaustion (s) during HIGH following ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham control (SHAM). Columns are group mean; lines are individual participant responses. * indicates difference between IPC and SHAM (p = 0.004).

Figure 2. Rate of pulmonary V̇O₂ during the final 60 seconds of baseline and throughout the 15-minute constant work rate trials at LOW and to the minimum completion time (275 seconds) of time-to-exhaustion trials at HIGH following ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham control (SHAM).

Table 1. V̇O₂ kinetic parameters during trials at LOW and HIGH following ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham control (SHAM).

	LOW				HIGH
	Entire V̇O2 Response								Iso-Time (275 seconds)
	SHAM	IPC	p	ES	SHAM	IPC	p	ES	SHAM	IPC	p	ES
Baseline V̇O2 (ml·min^−1)	433 ± 83	405 ± 73	.42	0.36	423 ± 69	392 ± 55	.23	0.49	423 ± 69	392 ± 55	.23	0.49
V̇O2 at 120 s (ml·min^−1)	1769 ± 351	1761 ± 298	.92	0.02	2198 ± 364	2199 ± 294	.99	0.00	2198 ± 364	2199 ± 294	.99	0.00
End V̇O2 (ml·min^−1)	2211 ± 502	2218 ± 420	.95	0.01	2847 ± 400	2815 ± 503	.75	0.07	2656 ± 377	2605 ± 388	.34	0.14
Mean Response Time (s)	90.3 ± 23.5	80.3 ± 19.0	.06	0.47	92.1 ± 24.4	96.6 ± 31.2	.65	0.17	87.5 ± 23.0	91.3 ± 45.3	.74	0.11
Amplitude (ml·min^−1)	1726 ± 453	1759 ± 343	.58	0.08	2401 ± 349	2442 ± 454	.68	0.10	2359 ± 340	2403 ± 559	.67	0.10
ΔV̇O2 (120 s – End) (ml)	443 ± 245	457 ± 184	.83	0.07	649 ± 230	617 ± 321	.74	0.12	458 ± 204	406 ± 245	.50	0.24
End V̇O2 as %V̇O2peak	69 ± 12	69 ± 9	.91	0.03	89 ± 5	88 ± 11	.74	0.12	84 ± 8	82 ± 9	.33	0.20

Data are expressed relative to entire V̇O₂ response and the fixed iso-time (275 seconds) of HIGH.

Data are mean ± SD.

Table 2. Physiological and perceptual responses prior to and following trials at LOW and HIGH following ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham control (SHAM).

	LOW				HIGH
	SHAM		IPC		SHAM		IPC
	Rest	End	Rest	End	Rest	End	Rest	End
BLa (mmol·L^−1)	1.1 ± 0.3	5.4 ± 1.8*	1.0 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 1.7*	1.2 ± 0.4	8.5 ± 1.9*	1.0 ± 0.4	8.9 ± 2.3*
HR (b·min^−1)	70 ± 9	156 ± 17*	72 ± 8	158 ± 16*	73 ± 7	173 ± 6*	73 ± 6	172 ± 7*
Peripheral RPE	–	16 ± 1	–	16 ± 1	–	18 ± 1	–	18 ± 1
Central RPE	–	14 ± 1	–	14 ± 1	–	17 ± 1	–	17 ± 2
Overall RPE	–	15 ± 1	–	15 ± 1	–	18 ± 1	–	17 ± 2

Data are mean ± SD. BLa, blood lactate concentration; HR, heart rate; RPE, rating of perceived exertion. * Significant difference between rest and end exercise (p < .05).