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Review

Systemic and ocular associations of Keratoconus

Brenna S. Hefleya North Texas EAye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA;b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USAView further author information
,
Arsalan A. Alic Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USAView further author information
,
Pradipta Bhattacharyad Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA;e The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, USAView further author information
,
Jesper Hjortdalf Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DenmarkView further author information
,
Maria K. Walkerd Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA;e The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, USAView further author information
&
Dimitrios Karamichosa North Texas EAye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA;b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA;g Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USACorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
Received 10 Nov 2023, Accepted 12 Jun 2024, Published online: 03 Jul 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of the various environmental, systemic and ocular associations of keratoconus (KC). Interleukin (IL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 (COL4A3), Wingless Type 10 A(WNT10A), Visual System Homeobox (VSX), Diphosphoinositol Pentakinase 2 (PPIP5K2), Forkhead Box Protein 01 (FOXO1).

Figure 1. Overview of the various environmental, systemic and ocular associations of keratoconus (KC). Interleukin (IL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 (COL4A3), Wingless Type 10 A(WNT10A), Visual System Homeobox (VSX), Diphosphoinositol Pentakinase 2 (PPIP5K2), Forkhead Box Protein 01 (FOXO1).

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