Search guidance is proportional to the categorical specificity of a target cue

Abstract

Visual search studies typically assume the availability of precise target information to guide search, often a picture of the exact target. However, search targets in the real world are often defined categorically and with varying degrees of visual specificity. In five target preview conditions we manipulated the availability of target visual information in a search task for common real-world objects. Previews were: a picture of the target, an abstract textual description of the target, a precise textual description, an abstract + colour textual description, or a precise + colour textual description. Guidance generally increased as information was added to the target preview. We conclude that the information used for search guidance need not be limited to a picture of the target. Although generally less precise, to the extent that visual information can be extracted from a target label and loaded into working memory, this information too can be used to guide search.

Keywords:

• Guided search
• Eye movements
• Categorical search
• Semantic cues
• Realistic objects

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Grant 2 R01 MH063748-06A1 and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant IIS-0527585 to G.J.Z. We thank Samantha Brotzen, Shreena Bindra, and Zainab Karimjee for help with data collection.