Random noun generation in younger and older adults

Abstract

We examined age-related changes of executive functions by means of random noun generation. Consistent with previous observations on random letter generation, older participants produced more prepotent responses than younger ones. In the case of random noun generation, prepotent responses are nouns of the same category as the preceding noun. In contrast to previous observations, older participants exhibited stronger repetition avoidance and a stronger tendency toward local evenness—that is, toward equal frequencies of the alternative responses even in short subsequences. These data suggest that at higher adult age inhibition of prepotent responses is impaired. In addition, strategic attentional processes of response selection are strengthened, in particular the application of a heuristic for randomness. In this sense response selection is more controlled in older than in younger adults.

Keywords:

• Executive functions
• Random generation
• Ageing

Acknowledgments

We thank Jan Delkus, Alexander Fölling, Sandra Hardman, Mathias Hegele, Steven Li, and Eckhard Rückemann for their support in setting up and running the experiment. This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grants He 1187/15–1 and 1187/15–2).