Spatial habit competes with effort to determine human spatial organization

Abstract

Despite the important role that the physical environment plays in shaping human cognition, few studies have endeavoured to experimentally examine the principles underlying how individuals organize objects in their space. The current investigation examines the idea that humans organize objects in their space in order to minimize effort or maximize performance. We devised a novel spatial organization task whereby participants freely arranged objects in the context of a writing task. Critically, we manipulated the frequency with which each object was used and assessed participants’ spontaneous placements. In the first set of experiments, participants showed a counterintuitive tendency to match pen pairs with their initial placements rather than placing pens in the less effortful configuration. However, in Experiment 2, where the difference in physical effort between different locations was increased, participants were more likely to reorganize the pens into the less effortful configuration. We begin developing a theory of human spatial organization wherein the observed initial bias may represent a kind of spatial habit formation that competes with effort/performance considerations to shape future spatial organization.

Keywords:

• Spatial organization
• spatial habit
• spatial cognition
• situated cognition
• effort

Notes

¹We conducted the same analysis with only the subjects who did not feel reluctant to move the pens in the experiment and found the same pattern of results, t(124) = 5.28, p < .001, d = 0.47 (E1a = .42; E1b = .52).

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) discovery grant; a Province of Ontario Early Researcher Award; and funding from the Canada Research Chairs program to E.F.R.