Twin-twin transfusion syndrome in the era of fetoscopic laser surgery: antenatal management, neonatal outcome and beyond

Figures & data

Figure 1. Realistic depiction of a modern-time laser procedure under ultrasound guidance. Courtesy of Amanda Gautier.

Table 1. Studies of neurodevelopmental impairment and cerebral palsy in TTTS treated with laser.

Reference	Country	Age (y)	Patients	NDI %	CP %	Developmental test
Sutcliffe 2001 [75]	UK	2	66	9	9	GDS
Banek 2003 [88]	Germany	2-3	89	11	11	GDS, SOT
Graef 2006 [76]	Germany	2-4	167	8	6	GDS, SOT
Lenclen 2009 [25]	France	2	88	11	10	ASQ
Lopriore 2009 [83]	Netherlands	2	278	18	6	BSID-II
Salomon 2010 [23]	France	5	73	-	12	ASQ, WISC-IV
Gray 2011 [77]	Australia	2-4	113	12	4	GDS, BSID-II, Bayley-III
Graeve 2012 [78]	Germany	4-10	151	9	-	K-ABC, GNSP
Van Klink 2014 [46]*	Netherlands	2	155	6	3	Bayley-III
McIntosh 2014 [79]	Australia	1-3	50	4	2	WPPSI–III, questionnaire
Vanderbilt 2014 [80]	USA	2	100	4	3	BDI-2, ATNE
Tosello 2014 [47]	France	0-5	35	-	6	ASQ
Korsakissok 2018 [65]	France	2-7	58	9	5	ASQ
Schou 2019 [81]	Denmark	1-4	86	10	9	ASQ
Chmait 2019 [63]	USA	2	99	4	3	ATNE, BDI-2
Spruijt 2019 [48]**	Netherlands	2	258	3	2	Bayley-III
Overall				9% (151/1741)	5% (93/1695)
Range				3-18%	2-12%

GDS: Griffiths’ Developmental Test Scales; SOT: Snijders-Oomen Non-Verbal Intelligence Test; ASQ: Ages and Stages Questionnaire; BSID: Bayley Scales of Infant Development; WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; K-ABC: Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children; GNSP: German National Screening Program; WPPSI: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; BDI: Batelle Development Inventory; ATNE: Amiel-Tison Neurodevelopmental Examination

-: not assessed

* only numbers of the 2008–2010 cohort used here to prevent patient overlap with the 2009 Lopriore study

** only numbers of the 2011–2014 cohort used here to prevent patient overlap with the 2014 Van Klink study

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