Cytomegalovirus induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: diagnostic and treatment challenges for the future

Figures & data

Figure 1. Pathophysiology and treatment targets for CMV-induced HLH.

The figure demonstrates CMV invasion, which can trigger massive T-cell activations, causing a cytokine storm and macrophage activation. This consequently leads to hemophagocytosis and inflammatory tissue damage. Potential target points for pharmacological intervention include virus replication, T-cell proliferation, and general immune activation. Created with BioRender.com.

Table 1. The conditions most commonly associated with CMV-induced HLH.

IBD	Crohn’s disease
	Ulcerous colitis
Autoimmune disease	Systemic lupus erythematosus
	Myasthenia gravis
	Sjogren’s syndrome
	Myositis (inflammatory/dermatomyositis)
	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Malignancy	Hematological malignancies
	Solid tumors
Infectious diseases	HIV/AIDS
	Endocarditis
	Tuberculosis
Transplantation	Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
	Solid organ transplantation