Capsule endoscopy - a non-invasive modality to investigate the GI tract: out with the old and in with the new?

Figures & data

Table 1. Current upper gastrointestinal capsules.

Parameters	Upper GI capsule (Medtronic)	NaviCam 2^nd Generation (Ankon)	OMOMRC (Jinshan)
Size (mm)	12x32	27x 12	30x 11.5
Frames per second(fps)	18–35	2–6	2–10
Battery life (hrs)	1.5	12	12
Camera	dual	single	single
Field of view (degree)	340	150	172
Image resolution (pixel)		720x 720	512 x 512
Magnetic control and automated	no	yes	yes
Small bowel examination	no	yes	yes

Figure 1. Gastro-oesophageal junction as seen with the Upper GI capsule.

Figure 2. Ankon magnetic system with robotic arm.

Figure 3. NaviCam capsule (Ankon technologies Co LTD, Shanghai, China)

Figure 4. NaviCam image of gastric body and pylorus.

Figure 5. Small bowel capsule image of angioectasia.

Table 2. Current small bowel capsules.

Parameters	PillCam SB3 (Medtronic)	OMOMHD (Jinshan)	MiroCam MC2000 (Intromedic)	Capsocam (CapsoVision)	Endocapsule-10 (Olympus)	NaviCam 2^nd Generation (Ankon)
Size (mm)	26 x 11	25 x 11	30 x 11	31 x 11	26 x 11	27x 12
Frames per second(fps)	2–6	2–10	6	20	2	2–6
Battery life (hrs)	8	12	12	15	12	12
Camera	1	1	2	4	1	single
Field of view (degree)	156	172	340	360	160	150
Image resolution (pixel)	340 x 340	512 x 512	320 x 320	221 x 184		720x 720

Figure 6. Colon capsule image of ileocecal valve with ulceration.

Table 3. Current colon capsule.

Parameters	Colon 2 (Medtronics)	NaviCam(Ankon)
Size (mm)	32 x 12	31x 11
Frames per second(fps)	4–35	0.5–16
Battery life (hrs)	10	>10
Camera	2	2
Field of view (degree)	340	340
Image resolution (pixel)	512 x 512	480 x 480