Restoration of badlands and natural capital: an application in Saldaña (Palencia, northern Spain)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Situation of Saldaña (Spain).

Figure 2. Slope state before the HR (Duero Basin Authority, 1930).

Figure 3. Slope state nowadays (JMB, April 2012).

Figure 4. Mud flows before the HR (Duero Basin Authority, 1930).

Figure 5. Actual state of the Carrión river and its shore; today it is a fishing reserve (Joaquín Navarro Hevia).

Figure 6. An example of a landslide occurring nowadays (June 2011).

Figure 7. Attributes to determine economic value of the HR.

Table 1. Definition of the preference scale for attributes pairwise comparisons.

Importance index	Scale definition
1	Both attributes are equally important
3	Preferred attribute is moderately more important than the other
5	Preferred attribute is strongly more important than the other
7	Preferred attribute is very strongly more important than the other
9	Preferred attribute is absolutely more important than the other

Table 2. Stakeholders involved in the surveys.

Stakeholder profile	Number
1. Technicians in the catchment area	7
2. Forestry and environmental management experts	3
3. Saldaña inhabitants	3
Total	13

Figure 8. Roads affected by landslides.

Table 3. Updated values and annual income for assessed ecosystem services (own source).

Ecosystem service (ES)	Discount rate (i)	Annual income ri (€/year)	Updated value Vi (€)
1. Wood products	3.00%	15,279	509,300
2. Water quality	3.00%	128,496	4,283,200
3. Risk mitigation	3.00%	23,880	796,000
4. Landscape scenery improvement	1.75%	28,367	1,620,984
Total		196,022	7,209,484

Table 4. Economic values of weighted ecosystem services (own source).

Ecosystem service (ES)	Wi (AHP)	Weighted annual income ri (€/year)	Weighted updated value Vi (€)
1. Wood products	0.127	1940	64,681
2. Water quality	0.286	36,750	1,224,995
3. Risk mitigation	0.473	11,295	376,508
4. Landscape scenery improvement	0.114	3234	184,792
Total	1.000	53,219	1,850,976

Ayerbe, J. M. (1930). Proyecto de restauración y repoblación de las laderas de la margen izquierda del río Carrión. Duero Basin Authority archive.

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