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Articles

Integrating biodiversity considerations into urban golf courses: managers’ perceptions and woody plant diversity in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Pages 292-311 | Received 14 Feb 2017, Accepted 25 Apr 2017, Published online: 17 May 2017

Figures & data

Table 1. Attributes of the 12 sites for woody plant determination (SA Explorer, Citation2016; World Weather Online, Citation2016).

Figure 1. Location of study sites along two belts, each from inland to coast.

Figure 1. Location of study sites along two belts, each from inland to coast.

Table 2. Management practices that are regarded to promote woody plant biodiversity (Hammond & Hudson, Citation2007). Greenkeepers were asked to rank the degree to which each is implemented on their golf course.

Figure 2. Mean proportions (±SD) of six different ground cover classes on 43 Eastern Cape golf courses representative of 40% of the total size.

Figure 2. Mean proportions (±SD) of six different ground cover classes on 43 Eastern Cape golf courses representative of 40% of the total size.

Table 3. Woody plant diversity status of the 12 golf courses (FW = plots between fairways; Plot = plots in the rough; D = Simpson’s Diversity Index (1-D).

Table 4. Woody plant species found at each golf course (indigenous species are in bold).

Figure 3. Relationships between four variables: (a) species richness, (b) percentage of native trees, (c) mean percentage cover of fairway and rough, (d) species diversity; and altitude. (FW = plots between fairways; Plot = plots in the rough; D = Simpson’s Diversity Index).

Figure 3. Relationships between four variables: (a) species richness, (b) percentage of native trees, (c) mean percentage cover of fairway and rough, (d) species diversity; and altitude. (FW = plots between fairways; Plot = plots in the rough; D = Simpson’s Diversity Index).

Table 5. Predictor variables, p-values and significance for regression analysis of woody plant species richness.

Figure 4. Relationships between three variables: (a) species richness, (b) percentage of native trees, (c) species diversity; and management scores. FW = plots between fairways; Plot = plots in the rough; D = Simpson’s Diversity Index.

Figure 4. Relationships between three variables: (a) species richness, (b) percentage of native trees, (c) species diversity; and management scores. FW = plots between fairways; Plot = plots in the rough; D = Simpson’s Diversity Index.

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