The enigma of in vivo oxidative stress assessment: isoprostanes as an emerging target

Figures & data

Table 1. F₂-Isoprostanes in human physiology and pathology

Pathological condition	Selected references	Observations
Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes	Davi 4344	Elevated
	O'Byrne 45	Did not differ
	Vessby 46	Did not differ
	Hoeldtke 47	Did not differ
	Gleisner 48	Did not differ
Type 2 diabetes	Gopaul 4950	Elevated
	Davi 43	Elevated
	Murai 51	Elevated
	Helmersson 52 (elderly men > 7 years’ disease duration)	Elevated
Metabolic syndrome/lipid metabolism
Hypercholesterolaemia	Davi 53	Elevated
	Reilly 54	Elevated
	Roberts 55	Elevated
	Raal 56	Did not differ
Type IIa hypercholesterolaemia	Cracowski 57	Did not differ
Cardiovascular diseases
Atherosclerosis	Pratico 58	Elevated
	Gniwotta 59	Elevated
	Mehrabi 60	Elevated
Cardiopulmonary bypass	Ulus 61	Elevated
	Delanty 41	Elevated
Coronary reperfusion/angioplasty/percutaneous coronary intervention	Reilly 62	Elevated
	Berg 63	Elevated
	Iuliano 64	Elevated
Angiography	Berg 63	Elevated
Coronary artery disease	Shishehbor 65	Elevated
Heart failure	Cracowski 66	Elevated
	Mallat 67	Elevated
Cardiovascular risk factors
Smoking	Morrow 68	Elevated
	Helmersson 69	Elevated
Passive smoking	Ahmadzadehfar 70	Elevated
Former smokers	Helmersson 69	Elevated
Pulmonary diseases
Asthma	Montuschi 71	Elevated
	Wood 72	Elevated
	Baraldi 73	Elevated
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	Carpenter 74	Elevated
Cystic fibrosis	Collins 75	Elevated
	Ciabattoni 76	Elevated
	Montuschi 77	Elevated
Pulmonary hypertension	Cracowski 78	Elevated
Obstructive pulmonary diseases	Pratico 79	Elevated
	Montuschi 80	Elevated
Interstitial lung diseases	Montuschi 81	Elevated
Reproductive diseases
Pre-eclampsia	Morris 82	Did not differ
	Ishihara 83	Did not differ
	Regan 84	Did not differ
	Walsh 85	Elevated
	Barden 8687	Elevated
Pregnancy with Down's syndrome	Perrone 88	Elevated
Neurodegenerative diseases
Alzheimer's disease	Montine 8990	Elevated
	Pratico 91	Elevated
	Feillet-Coudray 92	Did not differ
	Montine 9394	Did not differ
	Casadesus 23	Differed
Huntington's disease	Montine 94	Did not differ
	Montine 95	Elevated
Parkinson's diseases	Fessel 96	Did not differ
Dementia with Lewy body disease	Fessel 96	Did not differ
Migraine	Helmersson 97	Did not differ
Spinal cord injury	Monga 98	Elevated
Multiple sclerosis	Mattsson 99	Elevated
Other diseases
Prostate cancer	Camphausen 100	Did not differ
Haemodialysis	Handelman 101	Elevated
	Ikizler 102	Elevated
Kidney transplantation	Cracowski 103	Did not differ
	Basu 104	Elevated
Dialysis patients	Lauzurica 105	Elevated
Hypertension with renovascular disease	Minuz 106	Elevated
Inflammatory diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis	Basu 107	Elevated
Psoriatic arthritis	Basu 107	Elevated
Reactive arthritis	Basu 107	Elevated
Osteoarthritis	Basu 107	Elevated
Systemic sclerosis	Cracowski 108	Elevated
	Stein 109	Elevated
Periodontal disease	Wolfram 110	Elevated
Physiological conditions
Human pregnancy	Morris 82	Elevated
	Ishihara 83	Elevated

Fig. 1. Basic principle of non-enzymic lipid peroxidation involving polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Fig. 2. Simplified scheme of 8-iso-PGF_2α (F₂-isoprostanes) formation from arachidonic acid by free radical catalysis. ROS: reactive oxygen species; PGF: prostaglandin F.

Fig. 3. Levels of free 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α (8-iso-PGF_2α) in plasma and urine at different times after oral administration of CCl₄ to rats (2 ml kg^-1). ***p<0.001, **p<0.01. [Reprinted with kind permission from Basu, 1999 (25)].

Fig. 4. Upper panel: Mixed venous plasma levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α (8-iso-PGF_2α) at baseline and after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Lower panel: Jugular bulb plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF_2α at baseline and after ROSC.♦: Group ventricular fibrillation (VF) 5; ▪: group VF2; ▴: control group. *: Significant difference versus baseline; §: significant difference between group VF5 versus other groups. Values are expressed as means±SEM. [Reprinted with permission from Basu et al., 2000 (36)].

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