Modelling dynamic deformation in natural rock slopes and underground openings with DDA: review of recent results

Abstract

We present validations and applications of the numerical Discontinuous Deformation Analysis method (DDA) for different cases of dynamic loading in the context of rock mass deformation. Following a review of 2D and 3D-DDA validations against analytical solutions for single and double face sliding, we present dynamic DDA applications in natural rock slopes and underground openings. Modelling dynamic rock slope deformation is demonstrated using the case of Masada rock slopes, with some new findings on the dynamic deformation of overhanging cliffs in general. Modelling underground deformation is demonstrated using the case of an active open pit mine in Israel developed in a rock mass containing multiple karstic caverns. The DDA method is shown here to be a powerful numerical tool for modelling dynamic rock mass deformation when the interaction between multiple discrete elements dictates the expected global deformation.

Keywords:

• rock mechanics
• rock slopes
• underground openings
• discrete elements
• DDA

Acknowledgments

Partial funding for this research has been provided by the US–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) through contracts 98–399 and 2004–122, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Ministry of National Infrastructure, and Ministry of Housing and Construction. Dr. Shi Gen-hua is thanked for sharing his DDA codes. Michael Tsesarsky, Ronnie Kamai, and Ilia Wainshtein are thanked for their collaboration.