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Original Articles

The role of adaptations in two-strain competition for sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission

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Pages 813-835 | Received 13 Apr 2012, Accepted 03 Jul 2012, Published online: 09 Aug 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart illustrating model Equation(2). All rates given are per capita except birth rates. For space constraints, the notation C j =[c hj (Q)+ρ j E h(Q)]I vj /N v (j=1, 2) is used.

Figure 1. Flow chart illustrating model Equation(2). All rates given are per capita except birth rates. For space constraints, the notation C j =[c hj (Q)+ρ j E h(Q)]I vj /N v (j=1, 2) is used.

Table 1. Variables and notation for sylvatic T. cruzi transmission model.

Table 2. Parameter definitions and estimates (from Citation23 and Appendix 1) for sylvatic T. cruzi cycles involving raccoons and T. sanguisuga (R/S), woodrats and T. gerstaeckeri (W/G).

Figure 2. Weak, neutral, and strong trade-offs between two specialties as described by the symmetric function y=g(x)=(1−x 1/α)α, with α=½, 1, and 2, respectively.

Figure 2. Weak, neutral, and strong trade-offs between two specialties as described by the symmetric function y=g(x)=(1−x 1/α)α, with α=½, 1, and 2, respectively.

Figure 3. Competition between two strains with adaptation coordinates (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2) can be studied through pairwise invasibility plots using either x 1 and x 2 or Δ1 and Δ2, where Δ=xy. Here x 1>x 2.

Figure 3. Competition between two strains with adaptation coordinates (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2) can be studied through pairwise invasibility plots using either x 1 and x 2 or Δ1 and Δ2, where Δ=x−y. Here x 1>x 2.

Figure 4. Competition outcomes (a) without, and (b) with, AOT in terms of the Δ1−Δ2 plane, with ℋ(0, 1)<ℋ(1, 0) in the left column and ℋ(0, 1)>ℋ(1, 0) in the right column, as the strength α of the trade-off varies from weak (top) to strong (bottom). Strain 1 wins in lighter shaded areas, strain 2 in darker ones.

Figure 4. Competition outcomes (a) without, and (b) with, AOT in terms of the Δ1−Δ2 plane, with ℋ(0, 1)<ℋ(1, 0) in the left column and ℋ(0, 1)>ℋ(1, 0) in the right column, as the strength α of the trade-off varies from weak (top) to strong (bottom). Strain 1 wins in lighter shaded areas, strain 2 in darker ones.

Table A1 T. cruzi prevalence estimates for selected transmission cycles, from Citation23.

Table A2 Estimates for infection rates in sylvatic T. cruzi transmission cycles (units 1/yr).