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Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews Volume 11, 2018 - Issue 4
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RESEARCH LETTERS

Carbon dots-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence and its application to 2-methoxyestradiol determination

Min ZhangThe Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
,
Yulei JiaQingdao Municipal Hospital(Group), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
,
Jianhua CaoThe Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
,
Guanghui LiThe Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
,
Huacheng RenThe Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
,
Hui LiThe Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
&
Hanchun YaoSchool of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 379-386 | Received 08 Feb 2018, Accepted 10 Aug 2018, Published online: 03 Sep 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chemical structure of 2-ME.

Figure 1. Chemical structure of 2-ME.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the flow injection CL system used for the determination of 2-ME. a, luminol; b, 2-ME; c, K3 Fe(CN)6; d, CDs; P1 and P2, peristaltic pump; V, injection valve; F, flow cell; D, detector; PC, luminescence analyzer controlled by personal computer; W, waste.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the flow injection CL system used for the determination of 2-ME. a, luminol; b, 2-ME; c, K3 Fe(CN)6; d, CDs; P1 and P2, peristaltic pump; V, injection valve; F, flow cell; D, detector; PC, luminescence analyzer controlled by personal computer; W, waste.

Figure 3. (a) HRTEM image of CDs. (b) HRTEM images of single CDs. (c) Size distribution of CDs by DLS analysis.

Figure 3. (a) HRTEM image of CDs. (b) HRTEM images of single CDs. (c) Size distribution of CDs by DLS analysis.

Figure 4. (A) UV-Vis absorption spectrum of CDs. The inset is the photograph of the CDs under visible light (left) and under 365 nm UV light (right). (B) Fluorescence spectra for CDs excited at wavelengths of 300–480 nm, with increments of 20 nm.

Figure 4. (A) UV-Vis absorption spectrum of CDs. The inset is the photograph of the CDs under visible light (left) and under 365 nm UV light (right). (B) Fluorescence spectra for CDs excited at wavelengths of 300–480 nm, with increments of 20 nm.

Figure 5. Kinetic CL intensity-time profile in the static system. 1, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 2, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 3, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 5.0×10-7 mol L-1 (0.05 mol L-1 NaOH); K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-7 mol L-1; CDs, 2.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 2.5×10-8 gmL-1.

Figure 5. Kinetic CL intensity-time profile in the static system. 1, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 2, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 3, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 5.0×10-7 mol L-1 (0.05 mol L-1 NaOH); K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-7 mol L-1; CDs, 2.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 2.5×10-8 gmL-1.

Figure 6. Effect of NaOH, luminol, K3Fe(CN)6 and CDs concentration on the CL intensity for 5.0×10-7 g mL-1 2-ME. Conditions: (a) K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (b) K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (c) luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (d) luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1.

Figure 6. Effect of NaOH, luminol, K3Fe(CN)6 and CDs concentration on the CL intensity for 5.0×10-7 g mL-1 2-ME. Conditions: (a) K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (b) K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (c) luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; CDs, 6.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); (d) luminol, 2.0×10-6 mol L-1; NaOH, 0.2 mol L-1; K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1.

Figure 7. CL spectra of the reaction. 1, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 2, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 3, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1 (NaOH 0.2 mol L-1); K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; CDs, 4.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 5.0×10-7 g mL-1.

Figure 7. CL spectra of the reaction. 1, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 2, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 3, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1 (NaOH 0.2 mol L-1); K3Fe(CN)6, 5.0×10-5 mol L-1; CDs, 4.0×10-4 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 5.0×10-7 g mL-1.

Figure 8. UV-Vis absorption spectra. 1, 2-ME; 2, CDs; 3, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 4, CDs-luminol -K3Fe(CN)6; 5, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 8.0×10-5 mol L-1 (NaOH 0.1 mol L-1); K3Fe(CN)6, 1.0×10-4 mol L-1; CDs, 2.0×10-2 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 3.0×10-5 g mL-1.

Figure 8. UV-Vis absorption spectra. 1, 2-ME; 2, CDs; 3, luminol-K3Fe(CN)6; 4, CDs-luminol -K3Fe(CN)6; 5, CDs-luminol-K3Fe(CN)6-2-ME. Conditions: luminol, 8.0×10-5 mol L-1 (NaOH 0.1 mol L-1); K3Fe(CN)6, 1.0×10-4 mol L-1; CDs, 2.0×10-2 (VCDs/VH2O); 2-ME, 3.0×10-5 g mL-1.

Scheme 1. Possible mechanism of CL reaction catalyzed by CDs.

Scheme 1. Possible mechanism of CL reaction catalyzed by CDs.

Table 1. Effect of foreign substances on the determination of 5.0 × 10−8 g mL-1 2-ME.

Table 2. Recovery results for the determination of 2-ME in pharmaceutical preparations.

Table 3. Recovery for 2-ME in human serum samples.

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