Amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based mouthwash: preparation, characterization, and anti-bacterial effects

Figures & data

Figure 1. A schematic plan of ACP-NPs synthesis process.

Figure 2. The XRD pattern of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Figure 3. The FTIR spectrum of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Figure 4. Particle size distribution of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Figure 5. FESEM images of synthesized ACP-NPs at different magnifications; (a) 30, (b) 70, and (c) 100 kx, its EDX result (d), and elemental patterns (e).

Figure 6. N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Figure 7. The scheme of antibacterial effect of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Figure 8. The antibacterial effect of synthesized ACP-NPs.

Table 1. Effect of various mouthwashes on the growth of three types of microorganisms.

Mouthwash	Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
	Bacteria	$\frac{1}{2}$	$\frac{1}{4}$	$\frac{1}{8}$	$\frac{1}{16}$	$\frac{1}{32}$	$\frac{1}{64}$	$\frac{1}{128}$	$\frac{1}{256}$	$\frac{1}{512}$	$\frac{1}{1024}$
Oral B-Fluoride (0.05%)	S. mutans	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	S. oralis	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+
	S. sanguis	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+
Chlorhexidine (0.2%)	S. mutans	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+
	S. oralis	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	S. sanguis	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
ACP (NPs) (0.25%)/Cts	S. mutans	−	−	−	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
	S. oralis	−	−	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	S. sanguis	−	−	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+