![Sample our Behavioral Sciences journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/110801/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Behavioral-Sciences.jpg"})
Abstract
Coaching is defined as a one-to-one relationship in which the coach and coachee work together to identify and achieve organisationally, professionally, and personally beneficial developmental goals. However, it is often unclear what the relative effects of coaching are on specific coaching outcomes. We adopt meta-analytic techniques to investigate the predictive power of coaching on coach–coachee relationship outcomes, and coachee goal-attainment outcomes. Our findings suggest that coaching has stronger effects on eliciting relationship outcomes with the coachee than goal-attainment outcomes. Moreover, of the goal-attainment outcomes, coaching has the strongest effect on behavioural changes as opposed to attitudinal changes. Sample type, study design, background of the coach, and number of coaching sessions all emerged as significant moderators. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Acknowledgements
The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the organisations with which they are affiliated or their sponsoring institutions or agencies.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplemental data
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.
Notes on contributors
Shirley Sonesh is an organisational psychologist and postdoctoral research scientist at the Institute for Simulation and Training, at the University of Central Florida. Dr Sonesh obtained her doctorate in organisational behaviour at the A.B. Freeman School of Business at Tulane University. While at Tulane, Dr Sonesh's research focused on expatriate knowledge transfer in multi-national organisations. Currently, she conducts coaching research, research investigating the effects of teamwork and team-based training in the field of medicine, the effects of telemedicine on teamwork and patient safety, among other healthcare related initiatives. Shirley also consults organisations on how to improve training, teamwork, cultural change, and selection processes. Dr Sonesh has co-authored a number of published articles in the fields of medical team training, training evaluation, and simulation in healthcare. She has been invited to a number of national and international conferences to present her research related to these fields.
Chris Coultas graduated from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in 2014 with a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organisational Psychology. While at UCF, Chris worked at the Institute for Simulation and Training, under Dr Eduardo Salas, where he conducted research on teams, training, culture, leadership, leadership development, and coaching. Chris has published works in Small Groups Research and Consulting Psychology Journal, as well as book chapters on training and leadership, and has presented at numerous conferences. Chris also has a Master's in Industrial/Organisational Psychology from UCF, as well as Bachelor of Science degrees from Liberty University in Religion and Counseling Psychology. In addition to providing consulting services to clients, Chris leverages his expertise in research methods and data analysis to provide insights and breakthrough interventions to proactively address current and future client needs.
Christina N. Lacerenza is currently pursuing a doctoral degree in Industrial/Organisational (I/O) Psychology at Rice University. Current projects include identifying an optimal team composition for team performance, identifying factors influencing training effectiveness, scale development and validation, team training program development, and identifying effective executive coaching behaviours. As an I/O Psychologist, Christina's mission is to utilise innovative techniques to improve the overall effectiveness, performance, and well-being of individuals and teams within firms.
Shannon L. Marlow is a doctoral student in the Industrial/Organisational Psychology programme at Rice University. Shannon earned a B.S. in Psychology with a minor in Statistics from the University of Central Florida in 2013. Her research interests primarily include team processes, with a particular focus on team training, virtual teams, and performance.
Lauren E. Benishek is an organisational psychologist and postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who holds an appointment with the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality. Dr Benishek's stream of research focuses on workplace behaviour and interventions for improving patient safety and quality healthcare. Her specialties include teamwork culture, processes, and performance, individual and team training development and evaluation, and enhancing training effectiveness. At the time of publication, she has co-authored 10 peer reviewed articles, 1 book chapter, 1 book, and 30 invited talks and conference presentations in these areas.
Eduardo Salas is a professor and Allyn R. & Gladys M. Cline Chair in Psychology at Rice University. Previously he was trustee chair and professor of Psychology at the University of Central Florida. He also holds an appointment as Program Director for Human Systems Integration Research Department at the Institute for Simulation & Training. Dr Salas has co-authored over 300 journal articles and book chapters and has co-edited 15 books. He is on/has been on the editorial boards of Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Military Psychology, Interamerican Journal of Psychology, Applied Psychology: An International Journal, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, Group Dynamics, and Journal of Organizational Behavior and is past Editor of Human Factors journal. His expertise includes helping organisations on how to foster teamwork, design, and implement team training strategies, facilitate training effectiveness, manage decision-making under stress, develop performance measurement tools, and design learning environments. He is currently working on designing tools and techniques to minimise human errors in aviation, law enforcement, and medical environments. He has consulted to a variety of manufacturing, pharmaceutical laboratories, industrial and governmental organisations. Dr Salas is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (SIOP and Division 21), the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. He received his Ph.D. degree (1984) in industrial and organisational psychology from Old Dominion University.
Notes on contributors
Shirley Sonesh is an organisational psychologist and postdoctoral research scientist at the Institute for Simulation and Training, at the University of Central Florida. Dr Sonesh obtained her doctorate in organisational behaviour at the A.B. Freeman School of Business at Tulane University. While at Tulane, Dr Sonesh's research focused on expatriate knowledge transfer in multi-national organisations. Currently, she conducts coaching research, research investigating the effects of teamwork and team-based training in the field of medicine, the effects of telemedicine on teamwork and patient safety, among other healthcare related initiatives. Shirley also consults organisations on how to improve training, teamwork, cultural change, and selection processes. Dr Sonesh has co-authored a number of published articles in the fields of medical team training, training evaluation, and simulation in healthcare. She has been invited to a number of national and international conferences to present her research related to these fields.
Chris Coultas graduated from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in 2014 with a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organisational Psychology. While at UCF, Chris worked at the Institute for Simulation and Training, under Dr Eduardo Salas, where he conducted research on teams, training, culture, leadership, leadership development, and coaching. Chris has published works in Small Groups Research and Consulting Psychology Journal, as well as book chapters on training and leadership, and has presented at numerous conferences. Chris also has a Master's in Industrial/Organisational Psychology from UCF, as well as Bachelor of Science degrees from Liberty University in Religion and Counseling Psychology. In addition to providing consulting services to clients, Chris leverages his expertise in research methods and data analysis to provide insights and breakthrough interventions to proactively address current and future client needs.
Christina N. Lacerenza is currently pursuing a doctoral degree in Industrial/Organisational (I/O) Psychology at Rice University. Current projects include identifying an optimal team composition for team performance, identifying factors influencing training effectiveness, scale development and validation, team training program development, and identifying effective executive coaching behaviours. As an I/O Psychologist, Christina's mission is to utilise innovative techniques to improve the overall effectiveness, performance, and well-being of individuals and teams within firms.
Shannon L. Marlow is a doctoral student in the Industrial/Organisational Psychology programme at Rice University. Shannon earned a B.S. in Psychology with a minor in Statistics from the University of Central Florida in 2013. Her research interests primarily include team processes, with a particular focus on team training, virtual teams, and performance.
Lauren E. Benishek is an organisational psychologist and postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who holds an appointment with the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality. Dr Benishek's stream of research focuses on workplace behaviour and interventions for improving patient safety and quality healthcare. Her specialties include teamwork culture, processes, and performance, individual and team training development and evaluation, and enhancing training effectiveness. At the time of publication, she has co-authored 10 peer reviewed articles, 1 book chapter, 1 book, and 30 invited talks and conference presentations in these areas.
Eduardo Salas is a professor and Allyn R. & Gladys M. Cline Chair in Psychology at Rice University. Previously he was trustee chair and professor of Psychology at the University of Central Florida. He also holds an appointment as Program Director for Human Systems Integration Research Department at the Institute for Simulation & Training. Dr Salas has co-authored over 300 journal articles and book chapters and has co-edited 15 books. He is on/has been on the editorial boards of Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Military Psychology, Interamerican Journal of Psychology, Applied Psychology: An International Journal, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, Group Dynamics, and Journal of Organizational Behavior and is past Editor of Human Factors journal. His expertise includes helping organisations on how to foster teamwork, design, and implement team training strategies, facilitate training effectiveness, manage decision-making under stress, develop performance measurement tools, and design learning environments. He is currently working on designing tools and techniques to minimise human errors in aviation, law enforcement, and medical environments. He has consulted to a variety of manufacturing, pharmaceutical laboratories, industrial and governmental organisations. Dr Salas is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (SIOP and Division 21), the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. He received his Ph.D. degree (1984) in industrial and organisational psychology from Old Dominion University.