Speculating on precarious income: finance cultures and the risky strategies of healthy volunteers in clinical drug trials

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of Study Participants (N = 178).

	n	%
Gender
Women	47	26.4%
Men	131	73.6%
Clinical trial experience
1 study	38	21.3%
2–4 studies	49	27.5%
5–10 studies	45	25.3%
11–200 studies	46	25.8%
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	57	32.0%
Black / African American	72	40.4%
American Indian	2	1.1%
Asian	6	3.4%
Hawaiian / Pacific Islander	2	1.1%
More than one race	13	7.3%
Hispanic^a	38	21.3%
Foreign born	35	19.7%
Age
18–21	6	3.4%
22–29	34	19.1%
30–39	58	32.6%
40–49	54	30.3%
50+	26	14.6%
Household income^b
Less than $10,000	30	16.9%
$10,000 to $24,999	52	29.2%
$25,000 to $49,999	71	39.9%
$50,000 to $74,999	13	7.3%
$75,000 to $99,999	7	3.9%
$100,000 or more	4	2.2%
Educational attainment
Less than high school	12	6.7%
High school or GED	37	20.8%
Some college	52	29.2%
Trade/technical/vocational training	19	10.7%
Associate’s degree	21	11.8%
Bachelor’s degree	32	18.0%
Graduate degree	5	2.8%
Employment status^c
Full-time/Business owner (self-employed)	45	25.3%
Part-time/Independent or irregular contractor	60	33.7%
Unemployed/Retired	73	41.0%

^a The category Hispanic includes all racial groups, of which we had those in our sample who identified as white, black, more than one race, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander.

^b Data for household income was not reported by one participant.

^c These data are based on consolidated definitions of each employment category that we used to standardize self-reported data from participants.