How habit affects continuous use: evidence from Jordan’s national health information system

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research Model.

Table 1. Respondents’ Demographics.

		Percentage
Gender	Male	51
	Female	49
Age	Less than 30 Years	33
	31–40 Years	42
	41–50 Years	18
	Above 50 Years	7
Experience (Years)	Less than 5	31
	6–10	31
	11–20	25
	More than 20	13
Occupation	Physician	36
	Nurse	45
	Pharmacist	9
	Data entry	4
	Other	6
HIS Experience (Years)	Less than 1	26
	1–2	37
	2–3	29
	3–4	5
	Over 4	3

Table 2. Construct Reliability.

Construct	Cronbach’s alpha	Dillon-Goldstein’s rho
Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)	0.903	0.906
Perceived Usefulness (PU)	0.929	0.932
Attitude (ATT)	0.902	0.906
Intention to Continue to Use	0.853	0.860
Habit	0.870	0.885

Table 3. Convergent and Discriminant Validities.

	CR	AVE	1	2	3	4	5
PEOU	0.926	0.675	0.822
PU	0.944	0.739	0.770	0.860
ATT	0.932	0.773	0.801	0.857	0.879
Intention_Cont_Use	0.911	0.773	0.755	0.802	0.847	0.879
Habit	0.907	0.664	0.665	0.747	0.727	0.789	0.815

Table 4. Summary of Hypotheses Tests.

	Hypotheses			Std. Estimate	P	Supported
H1:	PU	→	ATT	0.615	***	Yes
H2:	PU	→	CoHIS	0.270	0.001	Yes
H3:	PEOU	→	ATT	0.329	***	Yes
H4:	PEOU	→	PU	0.489	***	Yes
H5:	ATT	→	CoHIS	0.613	***	Yes
H6:	Habit	→	PU	0.422	***	Yes
H7:	Habit	→	PEOU	0.664	***	Yes

Figure 2. Research Model with Results.

Table 5. Multigroup Analysis (Habit → PEOU).

Factor	Group	t-value	p-value
Gender	Male vs. female	1.215	0.226
Occupation	Physician vs. nurse	0.459	0.647
Age	Less than 30 vs. 31–40	0.293	0.770
	Less than 30 vs. 40 and above	1.056	0.293
	31–40 vs. 40 and above	0.862	0.390
Experience	Less than 5 years vs. 6–10 years	0.228	0.820
	Less than 5 years vs. more than 10 years	0.548	0.585
	6–10 years vs. more than 10 years	0.307	0.759
HIS Experience	Less than 1 year vs. 1–2 years	0.880	0.380
	Less than 1 year vs. 2 years or more	1.160	0.248
	1–2 years vs. 2 years or more	2.354	0.020*

Table 6. Multigroup Analysis (Habit → PU).

Factor	Group	t-value	p-value
Gender	Male vs. female	0.403	0.688
Occupation	Physician vs. nurse	0.793	0.429
Age	Less than 30 vs. 31–40	0.123	0.902
	Less than 30 vs. 40 and above	0.435	0.665
	31–40 vs. 40 and above	0.508	0.612
Experience	Less than 5 years vs. 6–10 years	1.283	0.201
	Less than 5 years vs. more than 10 years	0.722	0.472
	6–10 years vs. more than 10 years	0.179	0.858
HIS Experience	Less than 1 year vs. 1–2 years	1.162	0.247
	Less than 1 year vs. 2 years or more	0.283	0.778
	1–2 years vs. 2 years or more	1.243	0.216