A comparative data-fusion analysis of multi-sensor satellite images

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of study area.

Table 1. Specifications of the data used.

	RADARSAT–1	PALSAR	ENVISAT	ENVISAT	ENVISAT	ENVISAT	ENVISAT	SPOT-XS
Date	28.05.2006	10.06.2006	23.05.2006	08.06.2006	11.06.2006	01.08.2006	17.08.2006	14.05.2006
Sensor	SAR Fine 1	PALSAR/FBS	ASAR/IMP	ASAR/IM	ASAR/IM	ASAR/IM	ASAR/IM	HRV/HRG
Pixel spacing	6.25 m	6.25 m	12.5 m	12.5 m	12.5 m	12.5 m	12.5 m	20 m
Flight direction	Ascending	Ascending	Ascending	Ascending	Ascending	Ascending	Ascending
Polarisation	H/H	H/H	V/V	V/V	V/V	V/V	V/V
Swath	50 km	80 km	IS2-105	IS1-105	IS3-82	IS2-105	IS1-105	60 km
Incidence angle	37–40	41.5	19.2–26.7	15–22.9	26–31.4	19.2–26.7	15–22.9	L29.6
Azimuth×range	1×1	2×1	4×1 looks	4×1 looks	4×1 looks	4×1 looks	4×1 looks
Size	9319 P×8026 L	12837 P×12426 L	8450 P×8167 L	8539 P×8186 L	6662 P×8152 L	8445 P×8167 L	8535 P×8188 L	4666 P×3811 L

Figure 2. Fusion results for selected images (image I. image II. image III).

Figure 3. Fusion results for selected images (image IV. image V).

Figure 4. Different information contents in (a) PALSAR image and (b) SPOT-XS (NIR) band.

Figure 5. Spectral profile for analysing spectral similarities/changes after the fusion process.

Figure 6. Spectral profile analysis of the fused output images.

Table 2. Statistical evaluation results (each band of RGB images compared with the corresponding bands of fused images).

		BROVEY				IHS				EHLERS
		CC	UIQI	BM	SDD	CC	UIQI	BM	SDD	CC	UIQI	BM	SDD
Image I	Band 1	0.092	0.126	0.874	0.092	0.193	0.248	0.752	−0.053	0.246	0.496	0.504	−0.024
	Band 2	0.726	0.240	0.760	0.113	0.651	0.313	0.687	0.027	0.986	0.807	0.193	0
	Band 3	0.586	0.386	0.614	0.049	0.563	0.310	0.690	0.008	0.990	0.798	0.202	−0.014
Image II	Band 1	0.092	0.126	0.874	0.092	0.202	0.344	0.656	−0.119	0.224	0.726	0.274	−0.025
	Band 2	0.726	0.240	0.760	0.113	0.612	0.432	0.568	−0.028	0.977	0.896	0.104	0.012
	Band 3	0.347	0.680	0.320	−0.126	0.358	0.421	0.579	−0.017	0.976	0.739	0.261	−0.017
Image III	Band 1	0.092	0.126	0.874	0.092	0.255	0.178	0.822	−0.028	0.225	0.679	0.321	−0.034
	Band 2	0.726	0.240	0.760	0.113	0.597	0.220	0.780	0.049	0.978	0.804	0.196	−0.011
	Band 3	0.663	0.207	0.793	0.123	0.107	0.209	0.791	0.090	0.982	0.854	0.146	−0.022
Image IV	Band 1	0.092	0.126	0.874	0.092	0.241	0.173	0.827	−0.003	0.223	0.668	0.332	−0.029
	Band 2	0.586	0.386	0.614	0.049	0.666	0.218	0.782	0.031	0.980	0.794	0.206	−0.016
	Band 3	0.663	0.207	0.793	0.123	0.126	0.206	0.794	0.100	0.985	0.853	0.147	−0.021
Image V	Band 1	0.091	0.126	0.874	0.092	0.240	0.183	0.817	−0.054	0.220	0.728	0.272	−0.036
	Band 2	0.347	0.697	0.303	−0.122	0.401	0.217	0.783	0.021	0.978	0.875	0.125	−0.003
	Band 3	0.660	0.211	0.789	0.122	0.107	0.213	0.787	0.079	0.981	0.849	0.151	−0.025