Estimating global land surface broadband thermal-infrared emissivity using advanced very high resolution radiometer optical data

Figures & data

Figure 1. USDA NRCS soil taxonomy and selected study areas. Other classes, such as rocky land, shifting sand, and ice or glacier, are not included in the map.

Figure 2. Flowchart of relationship established between MODIS BBE and AVHRR reflectance.

Table 1. Geographic locations for data used to develop the BBE retrieval algorithm for both bare soils and transition zones.

Soil order	Alfisols	Andisols	Aridisols	Entisols	Gelisols	Inceptisols
Geographical location
Latitude	39–42°	18.5–20.5°	35–40°	16–23°	31–36°	33–37°
Longitude	−86 to −80°	−102 to −97°	−120 to −110°	5–20°	87–96°	114–117°
Soil order	Mollisols	Oxisols	Ultisols	Vertisols	Spodosols	Histisols
Geographical location
Latitude	43–53°	−27.5 to −22°	32–36°	14–26°	48–51°	50–53°
Longitude	−108 to −98°	−55 to −50°	−85 to −80°	74–80°	−92.5 to 89.5°	−86.6 to −82.8°

Figure 3. Distribution of sites used for developing and testing the algorithm for vegetated areas.

Figure 4. Scatter plot and difference histogram of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE calculated through Equation (1).

Figure 5. Scatter plot and difference histogram of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE calculated through Equation (2).

Figure 6. Scatter plot and difference histogram of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE calculated through Equation (3).

Figure 7. Scatter plot and difference histogram of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE calculated through Equation (4).

Figure 8. Scatter plot and difference histogram of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE calculated through Equation (5).

Figure 9. Difference histograms of BBE derived from MODIS data and BBE calculated through Equations (1) (left) and (2) (right).

Figure 10. Difference histograms of BBE derived from MODIS data and BBE calculated through Equations (4) (left) and (5) (right).

Figure 11. Difference histograms of BBE derived from MODIS data and BBE calculated through Equation (3).

Figure 12. Difference histograms of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE derived through the NDVI threshold method for vertisols (left) and for the remaining 11 soil orders (right).

Figure 13. Difference histograms of BBE derived from MODIS albedos and BBE derived through the NDVI threshold method for partially (left) and fully vegetated areas (right).

Figure 14. Difference map of global land surface BBE derived from AVHRR VNIR data and MODIS albedos for days 57, 137, 233, and 333 of year 2000.