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Original Articles

Improving a Penman–Monteith evapotranspiration model by incorporating soil moisture control on soil evaporation in semiarid areas

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Pages 134-156 | Received 23 Sep 2012, Accepted 06 Mar 2013, Published online: 10 Apr 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of the PM-SMI ET algorithm for calculating daily ET.
Figure 1. Flowchart of the PM-SMI ET algorithm for calculating daily ET.

Table 1. Location, soil type and land cover of study sites.

Table 2. The mean NDVI, mean LAI, max NDVI, max LAI and mean soil water content for each site. The mean and max values of NDVI and LAI were obtained from the MODIS NDVI and LAI products. The mean soil water content was obtained from surface soil moisture measurements taken at 5 cm. The data from SGP sites was collected from 2004 and the data from AmeriFlux sites was collected from 2005.

Table 3. Available days, root mean square error (RMSE: mm/day), absolute bias (bias: mm/day), and square of correlation coefficient (R2) of four ET algorithms for each site. (1) PM-Mu2007; (2) PM-Mu2011; (3) PM-Yuan; and (4) PM-SMI.

Figure 2. Scatterplots between observed ET and estimated ET.
Figure 2. Scatterplots between observed ET and estimated ET.
Figure 4. Comparisons of 8-day ET measurements to PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates and the MODIS 8-day ET product.
Figure 4. Comparisons of 8-day ET measurements to PM-SMI 8-day ET estimates and the MODIS 8-day ET product.
Figure A1. TsFv trapezoid space. The upper solid line is the dry edge, estimated from the energy balance formula, representing extreme water stressed conditions. The lower solid line is the wet edge, representing saturated soil water conditions.
Figure A1. Ts−Fv trapezoid space. The upper solid line is the dry edge, estimated from the energy balance formula, representing extreme water stressed conditions. The lower solid line is the wet edge, representing saturated soil water conditions.

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