Big Data and cloud computing: innovation opportunities and challenges

Figures & data

Table 1. Addressing the Big Data challenges with cloud computing (e.g. dust storm forecasting).

Big Data\cloud computing	Elasticity	Pooled	On-demand	Self-service	Pay-as-you-go
Volume		x			x
Velocity	x		x
Variety	x	x		x
Veracity				x	x
Value	x		x		x

Figure 1. Tackling Big Data challenges with cloud computing for innovation.

Table 2. The pressing features of Big Data in different domains as denoted with an ‘x’.

		Earth sciences	Internet of Things	Social sciences	Astronomy	Business	Industry
Volume		x	x	x	x	x	x
Velocity		x	x	x	x	x	x
Variety	High dimensions	x		x	x
	Spatiotemporal	x	x	x	x	x	x
	Multisource	x	x	x		x	x
Veracity		x		x	x
Value		x	x	x	x	x	x

Table 3. Addressing the Big Data challenges with emerging methodologies, technologies and solutions.

Technology/Big Data challenge	Storage	Transfer	Management	Preprocessing/processing	Analysis	Visualization	Integration	Architecture	Security/privacy	Quality	Cost/energy efficiency
Distributed file/storage system	x		x
NoSQL database systems	x		x
Search, query, indexing and data model design	x	x	x	x	x
MapReduce (Hadoop) system				x	x	x	x	x
Parallel programming languages				x	x	x	x
Statistical analyses, machine learning and data mining					x
Big Data analytics and visualization					x	x
Semantics			x		x		x		x	x
Mobile data and computing		x		x	x						x
Internet of Things		x		x
Near field communication		x
Computing infrastructure			x	x	x	x	x				x
Cloud computing	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x	x
Management and processing architecture	x		x	x	x	x	x	x
Remote collaboration	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Cloud monitoring and tracking											x
Anything as a Service	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Resource auto-provision, scaling and scheduling	x		x	x	x	x	x	x			x
Spatiotemporal optimization	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x			x

Table 4. Research direction support for innovation.

Research/innovation	6.1 Distributed storage	6.2 Data mining	6.3 Risk and quality	6.4 Spatiotemporal collocation	6.5 Interdisciplinary collaboration	6.6 Workflow sharing	6.7 Hybrid XaaS	6.8 Pricing model	6.9 Sustainable education	6.10 IoT and mobile
1. Distributed co-creation	x			x	x	x				x
2. Network as organization				x	x	x				x
3. Multi-Scale collaborations	x			x	x
4. IoT	x	x	x	x			x	x		x
5. Data-based experiment		x	x	x	x	x			x
6. Sustainability	x		x	x				x		x
7. XaaS	x			x			x
8. Multi-sided business	x	x	x	x	x		x	x		x
9. Bottom innovation	x			x	x	x		x	x	x
10. Public good	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x