A virtual globe-based time-critical adaptive visualization method for 3D city models

Figures & data

Figure 1. Basic rendering process of the 3D city model.

Figure 2. Data organization of the 3D city models.

Figure 3. Comparison of method errors.

Figure 4. Actual times and estimated times during browsing.

Figure 5. Estimated errors during browsing.

Figure 6. Original visual effect.

Figure 7. Visual effect after using Funkhouser’s optimization method.

Figure 8. Visual effect after using the proposed method.

Figure 9. Comparison of optimization times.

Table 1. Configurations of the computers.

Device	Graphics card	GPU clock (MHz)	Shaders	CPU	Memory (GB)	Operating system
Computer 1	NVS 3100 M	606	16	Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 2.67 GHz	4	Win 7 32-bit
Computer 2	GeoForce 800 M	1024	384	Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 1.70 GHz	8	Win 7 64-bit
Computer 3	Quadro 600	640	96	Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 3.10 GHz	8	Win 7 64-bit

Table 2. Coefficients of the render time estimation factors for the different computers.

Device	#tv	#pix	#matrix	#boundingbox	#texture
Computer 1	8.58E−05	3.11E−05	0.000205	0.000836	0.007907
Computer 2	6.11E−06	8.91E−06	0.000352	0.001039	0.00997
Computer 3	1.75E−05	2.59E−05	0.000284	0.000763	0.00245

Figure 10. Comparison of rendering times on Computer 1.

Figure 11. Comparison of rendering times on Computer 2.

Figure 12. Comparison of rendering times on Computer 3.