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Articles

Identifying urban functional zones by capturing multi-spatial distribution patterns of points of interest

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 2468-2494 | Received 29 Aug 2022, Accepted 15 Dec 2022, Published online: 28 Dec 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) The spatial distribution of the POI data and the road data. (b) Overview of the study area. (c) The spatial distribution of the POI kernel density. (d) The spatial distribution of three levels of the road network.

Figure 1. (a) The spatial distribution of the POI data and the road data. (b) Overview of the study area. (c) The spatial distribution of the POI kernel density. (d) The spatial distribution of three levels of the road network.

Figure 2. Rank-frequency plot for POI Sub-types. (a) Rank-frequency plot and (b) Rank-frequency log plot.

Figure 2. Rank-frequency plot for POI Sub-types. (a) Rank-frequency plot and (b) Rank-frequency log plot.

Figure 3. An overall framework of the proposed approach.

Figure 3. An overall framework of the proposed approach.

Figure 4. POI taxonomy tree map for 12 Big-types with 100 Mid-types.

Figure 4. POI taxonomy tree map for 12 Big-types with 100 Mid-types.

Figure 5. Obtaining spatial units based on road network.

Figure 5. Obtaining spatial units based on road network.

Figure 6. The process of the proposed geo-corpus construction approach.

Figure 6. The process of the proposed geo-corpus construction approach.

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the geo-corpus construction approaches. (a) Approach A. (b) Approach B. (c) Approach C.

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the geo-corpus construction approaches. (a) Approach A. (b) Approach B. (c) Approach C.

Table 1. Experiments design based on four combination modes.

Figure 8. POI-type semantic subspace with a local space.

Figure 8. POI-type semantic subspace with a local space.

Figure 9. The pairwise similarities between UFZs.

Figure 9. The pairwise similarities between UFZs.

Figure 10. Changes of clustering effect of different K values.

Figure 10. Changes of clustering effect of different K values.

Figure 11. The pairwise similarity between UFZs ranked by K-means-based cluster, and locations and remote sensing images of the six sample zones in cluster #4.

Figure 11. The pairwise similarity between UFZs ranked by K-means-based cluster, and locations and remote sensing images of the six sample zones in cluster #4.

Figure 12. The matrix of OOB accuracy with different combinations of max_features and n_estimators.

Figure 12. The matrix of OOB accuracy with different combinations of max_features and n_estimators.

Figure 14. Classification results of UFZs. (0) Ground truth. (1) ∼ (15) Results of experiment 1 ∼ 15, and experiment 15 corresponds to our proposed method. Sparse zones refer to spatial units that are excluded from the study.

Figure 14. Classification results of UFZs. (0) Ground truth. (1) ∼ (15) Results of experiment 1 ∼ 15, and experiment 15 corresponds to our proposed method. Sparse zones refer to spatial units that are excluded from the study.

Table 2. Confusion matrix of classification results. (R: residential zone. A: administrative and public service zone. M: industrial zone. B: business zone. G: green space).

Figure 13. Feature variable importance ranking for UFZ classification.

Figure 13. Feature variable importance ranking for UFZ classification.

Table 3. Accuracy evaluation. (*: feature combination mode. R: residential zone. A: administrative and public service zone. M: industrial zone. B: business zone. G: green space).

Figure 15. Box plot of different feature combination modes.

Figure 15. Box plot of different feature combination modes.