Notes
1 The Low-educated Second Language and Literacy Acquisition group started a forum in 2005 for researchers, practitioners and policy makers to share findings and ideas. For a decade, LESLLA has held an annual symposium, alternating venues between English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. LESLLA publishes proceedings and hosts a website: http://www.leslla.org/. The term ‘low-educated’ covers those who have had no formal schooling whatsoever and those who have had some primary schooling which has, however, not resulted in any literacy in their home or other language.