Abstract
. Biofuels, which are widely used as alternative fuels to reduce fossil fuel consumption and replace them with fossil fuel-like energy sources, are increasingly being supplemented with nanoparticles (NP) to overcome their limitations, including lower energy content and higher emissions. The study aimed to examine the impact of Fe-Ni-TiO2/activated carbon (AC) nanoparticles, produced by the authors, on engine performance and emissions when added to diesel/biodiesel fuel blends. The produced Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC NP was employed as an additive in palm oil (PO)/diesel fuel blends at 50 and 100 ppm concentrations. The results revealed that compared to standard diesel, employing Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC NPs lowered emissions including smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) in all fuel blends while increasing nitrogen oxide (NOx). In the DNP30-100 fuel blend at 2500 W engine load, there was an increase in NOx by 8% and a decrease in CO, HC, and smoke emissions by 70.3%, 86.3%, and 57.5%, respectively, compared to standard diesel. Furthermore, a decrease of 11.38% was observed in brake-specific fuel consumption, while brake thermal efficiency increased by 16.59% compared to diesel. The overall results suggest that using Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC as an additive in a diesel–biodiesel fuel blend can improve engine performance and decrease emissions.
Authors’ contributions
Rahman Çalhan: conceptualization, methodology, writing, editing; Songül Kaskun Ergani: investigation, writing – reviewing. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Data availability
Not applicable.
Disclosure statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval
Ethics approval was not required for this research study.