Effect of dried tangerine peel extract supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chicks

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredient and chemical composition (g/kg) of the diets (as fed basis).

Item	Starter(day 0 to 21)	Grower(day 21 to 42)
Ingredients
Maize	563.1	617.5
Soybean meal	337.6	282.2
Maize protein powder (50% CP)	40.0	40.0
Vegetable oil	17.3	23.1
Dicalcium phosphate	19.0	13.9
Limestone (CaCO3)	13.6	14.3
Salt	3	3
DL-Methionine	1.6	0.9
L-Lysine HCl	1.4	1.7
Vitamin and mineral premix^a	2.4	2.4
Choline chloride (50%)	1	1
Dried tangerine peel extract^b	0/0.08/0.16/0.24/0.48	0/0.08/0.16/0.24/0.48
Calculated composition
ME, MJ/kg	12.13	12.55
Crude protein	210	190
Calcium	10	9
Available phosphorus	4.8	3.8
Lysine	11	10
Methionine	5	4
Methionine + cysteine	8.2	7.2

^a Premix supplied per kg of diet: retinyl acetate, 3.75 mg; cholecalciferol, 0.0625 mg; α-tocopherol acetate, 18.75 mg; menadione, 2.65 mg; thiamine, 2 mg; riboflavin, 6 mg; cobalamin, 0.025 mg; biotin, 0.0325 mg; folic acid, 1.25 mg; calcium pantothenate, 12 mg; niacin, 50 mg; manganese (MnSO₄·H₂O), 100 mg; copper (CuSO₄ · 5H₂O), 8 mg; Zinc (ZnO), 75 mg; iron (FeSO₄ · 7H₂O), 80 mg; selenium (Na₂SeO₃), 0.15 mg; iodine (iodised NaCl), 0.35 mg.

^b The chicks fed the basal diet either without or with 0.08, 0.16, 0.24 or 480 g/kg DTPE.

Table 2. Effect of DTPE supplementation on growth performance of broiler chicks^a.

		DTPE level, mg/kg					p Value
Item	CTR	80	160	240	480	SEM	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
BW, g
Day 21	682^c	709	708	724^b	721	11	.08	.03	.10
Day 42	2136	2127	2165	2190	2152	33	ns	ns	ns
ADFI, g/d
Day 0 to 21	42.89^c	45.65	46.37	46.65^b	45.62	1.46	.10	ns	.02
Day 21 to 42	146	144	144	147	144	3	ns	ns	ns
Day 0 to 42	91.86	92.91	93.32	94.67	92.65	1.67	ns	ns	ns
ADG, g/d
Day 0 to 21	30.34^c	31.61	31.53	32.37^b	32.19	0.75	.08	.03	.10
Day 21 to 42	66.56	66.28	67.65	66.51	65.29	2.39	ns	ns	ns
Day 0 to 42	47.57	48.28	48.84	48.64	48.04	1.20	ns	ns	ns
FCR
Day 0 to 21	1.41	1.44	1.47	1.44	1.42	0.04	ns	ns	ns
Day 21 to 42	2.20	2.18	2.14	2.22	2.21	0.06	ns	ns	ns
Day 0 to 42	1.93	1.93	1.91	1.95	1.93	0.03	ns	ns	ns
Mortality, %	5.71	1.90	4.76	5.71	4.76	–	ns	–	–

CTR: basal diet without additive; DTPE: dried tangerine peel extract; BW: body weight; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; FCR: feed conversion ratio; ns: not significant.

^a n = 7 replicates/treatment.

^b,c Means listed in the same row with different superscripts are tended to be different (p ≤ .10).

Table 3. Effect of DTPE supplementation on carcase yield of broiler chicks^a.

		DTPE level, mg/kg					p Value
Item	CTR	80	160	240	480	SEM	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
Carcase yield on day 42, %
Dressing	80.26	79.37	79.58	79.14	79.15	0.85	ns	ns	ns
Breast muscle	25.55	27.14	27.51	25.84	26.52	1.14	ns	ns	ns
Thigh muscle	21.08	21.75	21.01	21.76	22.28	0.90	ns	ns	ns
Abdominal fat	1.62	1.46	1.76	1.67	1.48	0.21	ns	ns	ns

CTR: basal diet without additive; DTPE : dried tangerine peel extract; BW: body weight; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; FCR: feed conversion ratio; ns: not significant.

^a n = 7 replicates/treatment.

Table 4. Effect of DTPE supplementation on the relative immune organ index and plasma lysozyme level (on day 42) of broiler chicks^f.

		DTPE level, mg/kg					p Value
Item	CTR	80	160	240	480	SEM	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
Immune organ index, g/kg BW
Thymus	1.94	2.06	2.16	1.81	2.45	0.39	ns	ns	ns
Bursa	1.00	1.04	1.06	1.31	0.87	0.22	ns	ns	ns
Spleen	2.03	1.54	1.58	1.81	1.58	0.31	ns	ns	ns
PLZM, μg/mL	2.26^b^,^c^,^e	2.86^a	2.76^a^,^b^,^d	2.07^c	2.19^c	0.18	<.01	<.01	<.01

CTR = basal diet without additive; DTPE = dried tangerine peel extract; PLZM = plasma lysozyme; ns = not significant.

^a–c Means listed in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (p ≤ .05).

^d,e Means listed in the same row with different superscripts are tended to be different (p ≤ .10).

^f n = 7 replicates/treatment.

Table 5. Effect of DTPE supplementation on plasma antioxidant activities (on day 42) of broiler chicks^e.

		DTPE level, mg/kg					p Value
Item	CTR	80	160	240	480	SEM	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
MDA, nmol/mL	4.47^a	2.88^b	3.58	3.90	3.53	0.48	.04	ns	ns
GSH-Px, nmol/mL	960^d	4483^a	4140^a^,^b	2967^c	3279^b^,^c	365	<.01	<.01	<.01
T-AOC, U/mL	9.74	12.68	13.72	12.75	11.98	1.89	ns	ns	.07

CTR: basal diet without additive; DTPE: dried tangerine peel extract; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity; ns: not significant.

^a–d Means listed in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (p ≤ .05).

^e n = 7 replicates/treatment.