Productive performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphometry in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets supplemented with bacterial- or fungal-originated xylanase

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredient composition and nutritive values (as fed basis) of the experimental diets.

	Starter, d 1–21^a		Grower, d 22–42^a
Item	Wheat	Corn	Wheat	Corn
Ingredient, g/kg
Corn	0.00	540	0.00	568
Wheat^b	610	0.00	645	0.00
SBM (440 g CP/kg)	325	394	273	348
Soybean oil	20	20	40	40
dl-Methionine	2.4	3.1	2.1	2.9
l-Lysine HCl	2.5	1.7	1.7	0.9
l-Threonine	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.6
Salt	2.3	2.7	1.4	2.1
NaHCO3	1.8	1.8	2.5	1.8
CaCo3	15.4	16.2	15.1	16.0
Monodicalcium phosphate	16.0	16.1	14.3	14.3
Choline Cl (600 g/kg)	2	2	2	2
Vitamin-mineral Premix^c	2	2	2	2
Calculated analysis
ME, kcal/kg	2893	2900	3075	3084
Crude protein, g/kg	220	220	200	200
Lysine, g/kg	13	13	11	11
Methionine, g/kg	6	6	5	6
Met + Cys, g/kg	10	10	9	9
Threonine, g/kg	9	9	8	8
Calcium, g/kg	10	10	10	10
Available phosphorus, g/kg	5	5	5	5
Sodium, g/kg	2	2	2	2
DCAB, mEq/kg	240	247	230	230
Determined analysis
DM, g/kg	901	865	905	865
GE, kcal/kg	4062	4062	4133	4133
CP, g/kg	217	218	198	199
Total ash, g/kg	30	29	27	26

a Celite (20 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker in the weekend of starter and grower period at the expense of either corn or wheat for experiment.

b Wheat analysis (% as fed): Dry matter, 93.3; CP, 11.6; Fat, 1.6; Ash, 1.77; Ca, 0.1; TP, 0.28; ADF, 3.06; NDF, 12.5; CF, 2.41; GE, 4300 kcal/kg.

c Mineral combination (mg provided per kilogram of diet): manganese, 120; iron, 70; zinc, 110; copper, 16; iodine, 1.3; selenium, 0.35. Vitamin combination (U or mg provided per kilogram of diet): vitamin A, 12,000 U; vitamin D₃, 4500 U; vitamin E, 70 U; vitamin K, 3.5 mg; vitamin B₁, 3 mg; vitamin B₂, 7.5 mg; vitamin B₃, 30 mg; vitamin B₅, 65 mg; vitamin B₆, 4.3 mg; vitamin B₉, 2 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.025 mg; biotin, 0.3 mg; choline chloride, 800 mg.

Table 2. Effects of supplementing corn and wheat-based diets with xylanase of microbial or fungal origin on performance of broiler chickens (0–42 d).

Item	BW gain, g/bird				Feed intake, g/bird			Feed per gain, g/g
Diet	Xylanase	d 0–21	d 22–42	d 0–42	d 0–21	d 22–42	d 0–42	d 0–21	d 22–42	d 0–42
Corn	Bacterial	35.8	98.9	67.4	46.2	168	107	1.28	1.69	1.58
	Fungus	35.7	101.0	68.4	44.9	163	104	1.25	1.61	1.52
	–	35.8	98.0	66.9	46.0	163	104	1.28	1.66	1.56
Wheat	Bacterial	37.7	97.5	67.6	48.0	164	106	1.27	1.68	1.57
	Fungus	37.7	97.530	67.6	48.7	164	106	1.29	1.68	1.57
	–	37.0	97.923	67.4	47.1	169	108	1.27	1.72	1.59
Main effect
Diet
Corn		35.83^b	99.3	67.5	45.7^b	165	105	1.27	1.65	1.55
Wheat		37.52^a	97.6	67.5	47.9^a	166	107	1.27	1.69	1.58
Xylanase
–		36.4	97.9	67.2	46.6	166	106	1.27	1.69	1.57
Fungus		36.7	99.2	68.0	46.8	164	105	1.27	1.64	1.54
Bacteria		36.8	98.2	67.5	47.1	166	107	1.28	1.69	1.58
Probability
Diet		0.0002	0.2332	0.9890	0.0004	0.7336	0.2733	0.7850	0.0742	0.1291
Xylanase		0.6807	0.7199	0.7138	0.7287	0.6527	0.6631	0.9103	0.1413	0.1308
Diet × xylanase		0.7329	0.6028	0.7726	0.1442	0.3320	0.4332	0.2024	0.2278	0.1408
SEM		0.241	0.660	0.371	0.334	1.234	0.683	0.006	0.010	0.008

^a,bMeans with different letters within a factor of analysis (diet, xylanase and their interactions) are significantly different (p < .05); SEM: standard error of means.

Table 3. Effects of supplementing corn and wheat-based diets with xylanase of microbial or fungal origin on coefficient apparent ileal digestibility of dietary components and AMEn (kcal/kg) in broiler chickens (1–21 d and 22–42 d).

		Starter period (1–21 d)				Grower period (22–42 d)
Item	Xylanase	DM	CP	GE	AMEn	DM	CP	GE	AMEn
Diet
Corn	Bacterial	0.787	0.767	0.689	3082	0.784	0.621	0.629	3560
	Fungus	0.772	0.739	0.660	2987	0.784	0.612	0.629	3536
	–	0.768	0.747	0.667	3035	0.760	0.631	0.623	3536
Wheat	Bacterial	0.811	0.777	0.700	3082	0.794	0.623	0.632	3632
	Fungus	0.803	0.781	0.702	3035	0.791	0.623	0.635	3632
	–	0.805	0.779	0.698	3059	0.782	0.595	0.613	3417
Main effect
Diet
Corn		0.776^b	0.751^b	0.672	3035	0.776	0.622	0.627	3536
Wheat		0.806^a	0.779^a	0.700	3059	0.789	0.614	0.627	3560
Xylanase
–		0.787	0.763	0.683	3011	0.771	0.613	0.618	3465
Fungus		0.787	0.760	0.681	3035	0.788	0.618	0.632	3584
Bacteria		0.799	0.772	0.695	3082	0.789	0.622	0.630	3584
Probability
Diet		0.006	0.013	0.073	0.470	0.167	0.715	0.974	0.881
Xylanase		0.559	0.652	0.723	0.302	0.224	0.941	0.587	0.467
Diet × xylanase		0.881	0.455	0.686	0.790	0.790	0.649	0.836	0.468
SEM		0.556	0.572	0.751	15.97	0.464	1.016	0.567	41.51

AMEn: AME of the diets corrected by zero N retention; SEM: standard error of means.

^a,bMeans with different letters within a factor of analysis (diet, xylanase and their interactions) are significantly different (p < .05).

Table 4. Effects of supplementing corn and wheat-based diets with xylanase of microbial or fungal origin on jejunal morphology of broiler chickens (21 d).

Item	Xylanase	Villus length, μm	Villus width, μm	Crypt depth, μm	Ratio, vil/cry
Diet
Corn	Bacillus	826	195	270	3.06
	Fungus	849	217	292	2.91
	–	785	219	269	2.92
Wheat	Bacillus	918	233	272	3.38
	Fungus	1061	230	304	3.49
	–	937	231	269	3.48
Main effect
Diet
Corn		820^b	231	277	2.96^b
Wheat		972^a	231	282	3.45^a
Xylanase
–		861	225	269	3.20
Fungus		955	224	298	3.20
Bacteria		872	214	271	3.22
Probability
Diet		0.021	0.139	0.730	0.046
Xylanase		0.410	0.787	0.196	0.927
Diet × xylanase		0.733	0.686	0.924	0.958
SEM		32.58	6.737	6.924	0.0167

SEM: standard error of means.

^a,bMeans assigned different letters within a factor of analysis (diet, xylanase and their interactions) are significantly different (p < .05).

Table 5. Effects of supplementing corn and wheat-based diets with xylanase of microbial or fungal origin on relative weight (g/kg body weight) of selected digestive organs and caeca length (cm/kg BW) in broiler chickens (21 d).

Item	Xylanase	Liver, g/kg	Gizzard,g/kg	Pancreas,g/kg	Duodenum,g/kg	Jejunum,g/kg	Ileum,g/kg	Small intestine,g/kg	Ceca,g/kg	Ceca,cm/kg
Diet
Corn	Bacterial	30.1^bc	24.0	3.96	10.5	16.1	11.9^c	38.5^b	5.34	32.8
	Fungus	29.0^bc	23.8	3.78	10.7	16.5	12.2^bc	39.4^ab	5.28	32.8
	–	28.0^c	22.4	3.72	11.3	19.5	13.5^a	44.3^a	4.68	32.2
Wheat	Bacterial	31.3^ab	21.3	3.54	9.7	16.8	12.2^bc	38.7^b	5.73	33.6
	Fungus	33.3^a	21.4	3.78	10.1	16.2	12.9^abc	39.2^ab	5.5	33.8
	–	29.8^bc	20.2	3.62	10.7	16.4	13.1^ab	40.2^ab	5.64	32.6
Main effect
Diet
Corn		29.0^b	23.4^a	3.82	10.9	17.4	12.5	40.8	5.1^b	32.6
Wheat		31.5^a	21.0^b	3.65	10.1	16.5	12.7	39.4	5.62^a	33.3
Xylanase
–		28.9^b	21.3	3.67	11.0	17.9	13.3^a	42.3	5.17	32.4^b
Fungus		31.2^a	22.6	3.78	10.4	16.4	12.6^ab	39.3	5.39	33.3^a
Bacteria		30.7^ab	22.7	3.75	10.1	16.5	12.0^b	38.6	5.54	33.2^a
Probability
Diet		0.0068	0.0007	0.2637	0.1260	0.3680	0.5609	0.3524	0.0372	0.8945
Xylanase		0.0835	0.1387	0.8338	0.2816	0.3429	0.0153	0.1173	0.6515	0.0221
Diet × xylanase		0.0289	0.9388	0.4965	0.9912	0.2609	0.0372	0.0465	0.6020	0.5185
SEM		0.048	0.038	0.007	0.225	0.486	0.191	0.761	0.067	0.523

^a,b,cMeans with different letters within a factor of analysis (diet, xylanase and their interactions) are significantly different (p < .05); SEM, standard error of means.

Table 6. Effects of supplementing corn and wheat-based diets with xylanase of microbial or fungal origin on relative weight (g/kg body weight BW) of selected digestive organs and caeca length (cm/kg BW) of broiler chickens (42 d).

Item	Xylanase	Liver,g/kg	Gizzard,g/kg	Pancreas,g/kg	Duodenum,g/kg	Jejunum,g/kg	Ileum,g/kg	small intestine,g/kg	Ceca,g/kg	Ceca,cm/kg
Diet
Corn	Bacterial	21.6^dc	13.9	2.14	4.80	9.03	9.47	23.3	3.68	13.8
	Fungus	23.4^bc	13.7	2.44	5.30	9.81	9.31	24.4	4.23	13.8
	–	19.7^d	14.1	2.38	5.22	10.27	7.46	23.0	4.11	13.1
Wheat	Bacterial	23.9^ab	10.1	2.36	5.27	8.96	9.52	23.8	4.60	14.7
	Fungus	25.6^a	10.9	2.50	5.07	9.72	9.60	24.4	4.66	14.7
	–	22.5^bc	10.6	2.16	5.56	7.50	9.45	22.5	4.34	13.2
Main effect, diet
Diet
Corn		21.6^b	13.9^a	2.32	5.11	9.70	8.75	23.6	4.01^b	13.6
Wheat		24.0^a	10.5^b	2.34	5.30	8.72	9.52	23.6	4.54^a	14.2
Xylanase
–		21.1^c	12.3	2.27	5.39	8.89	8.46	22.8	4.23	13.2^b
Fungus		24.5^a	12.3	2.47	5.19	9.76	9.45	24.4	4.44	14.3^a
Bacteria		22.8^b	12.0	2.25	5.04	8.99	9.50	23.5	4.14	14.3^a
Probability
Diet		0.0003	0.0001	0.8624	0.3800	0.0654	0.1444	0.9897	0.0186	0.1629
Xylanase		0.0002	0.7565	0.3253	0.3965	0.3237	0.1972	0.2807	0.4926	0.0476
Diet × xylanase		0.0214	0.6586	0.3809	0.3717	0.0619	0.2664	0.9104	0.4025	0.6618
SEM		0.042	0.036	0.006	0.010	0.028	0.027	0.040	0.011	0.022

^a–dMeans with different letters within a factor of analysis (diet, xylanase and their interactions) are significantly different (p < .05); SEM, standard error of means.