Replacing wheat bran by corn gluten feed without steep water in complete dog food

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and chemical composition of the complete foods formulated by replacing wheat bran with corn gluten without steep water, (g/kg DM), except otherwise stated.

	Treatments, g/kg
Item	0 (control)	30	60	90
Ingredient composition
Wheat bran	200	170	140	110
Corn gluten without steep water	0	30	60	90
Corn grain	290	280	280	290
Rice grits	210	210	210	210
Soybean meal	110	110	110	100
Meat and bone meal	60	60	60	50
Whole viscera meal	80	90	90	100
Minor ingredients^a	50	50	50	50
Total	1000	1000	1000	1000
Chemical composition
Dry matter, g/kg	967.1	967.1	965.5	955.2
Ashes	76.2	71.4	70.3	59.3
Crude protein	239.9	250.2	235.1	224.0
Ether extract	54.8	52.8	51.4	59.8
Crude fibre	35.7	38.2	39.8	37.8
Neutral detergent fibre	150.6	167.9	170.1	169.5
Acid detergent fibre	56.7	55.1	57.4	61.0
Nitrogen-free extract	593.4	587.4	603.4	616.1
Crude energy, MJ/kg	18.20	18.27	18.17	18.59

^a Supplement per kg of complete food: vitamin A, 10,000 U; vitamin D₃, 1500 U; vitamin E, 50 U; vitamin K, 0.55 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 30 mg; vitamin B₁, 5.5 mg; vitamin B₂, 4 mg; vitamin B₆, 5.5 mg; niacin, 50 mg; biotin, 0.012 mg; pantothenic acid, 12 mg; folic acid, 0.8 mg; choline, 1200 mg; cobalt, 0.2 mg; manganese, 40 mg; zinc, 120 mg; copper, 18 mg; iodine, 1.8 mg; Iron, 80 mg; selenium, 0.12 mg; antioxidant, 150 mg (BHT, China); antifungal, 2 g (calcium propionate, China); zeolite, 10 g (Celpec, Celta Brasil); Yucca extract, 0.25 g (Alltech, Brazil); flavour agent, 10 g (SPF, Brazil); poultry viscera oil, 20 g (Big Frango, Brazil).

Table 2. Mean apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, digestible and metabolisable energy, and the physicochemical characteristics of dog faeces as a result of consuming complete food with the partial replacement of wheat bran by corn gluten without steep water.

	Treatments, g/kg				SEM^a	p linear	p quadratic
	0	30	60	90
Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility
Dry matter	0.792	0.778	0.762	0.765	0.012	.5838	.2755
Organic matter	0.829	0.810	0.788	0.799	0.010	.2404	.0954
Crude protein	0.824	0.810	0.815	0.801	0.012	.6647	.3711
Ether extract	0.825	0.802	0.761	0.794	0.017	.3058	.1748
Crude fibre	0.393	0.367	0.392	0.464	0.057	.3848	.4421
Neutral detergent fibre	0.449	0.461	0.401	0.391	0.031	.1383	.0856
Acid detergent fibre	0.290	0.234	0.282	0.306	0.041	.5599	.1044
Nitrogen-free extract	0.872	0.856	0.823	0.842	0.093	.0575	.0575
Crude energy	0.835	0.818	0.801	0.806	0.010	.3069	.1380
Daily faecal excretion	120.35	131.70	144.8	121.44	9.04	.8235	.4271
Faecal DM, g/kg	384.90	371.10	359.60	404.0	7.8	.3364	.0198
Daily DM faecal excretion	46.06	48.75	52.06	49.26	3.39	.4702	.7152
Faecal score	3.93	3.86	3.93	3.90
Excreted OrM for every 100 g of ingested food, g	52.48	58.05	63.93	55.48	3.14	.7214	.4552
Faecal pH	6.06	5.83	5.96	6.44	0.14	.4654	.0522
Buffering capacity, pH 5, mmol/l	58.75	36.46	63.13	56.88	8.82	.5895	.7936
Ammonia nitrogen, g/kg faeces DM	1.38	1.03	1.64	1.54	0.12	.1079	.2031
Water balance, ml/day	396.39	317.91	328.26	290.44		.1921	.3964
Gas production – 6 hs, ml/g DM	33.88	25.62	37.35	32.03	4.22
Gas production – 12 hs, ml/g DM	76.56	66.19	86.68	76.94	6.69
Gas production – 24 hs, ml/g DM	126.17	110.84	137.96	128.79	8.19
Intestinal gas area, cm^2	2.82	2.50	3.04	3.01	0.67

^a Standard error of the means.

Table 3. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in faeces and blood of dogs fed increasing levels of corn gluten without steep water in partial substitution of wheat bran after 24 hours of incubation.

	Treatment, g/kg				p Value
	0	30	60	90
Faeces SCFA concentration, mmol/g DM
Propionic acid	0.156	0.170	0.165	0.119	.1074
Butyric acid	0.005	0.0007	0.0004	0.003	.1481
Total SCFA	0.623	0.638	0.571	0.616	.6684
Blood SCFA concentration, mmol/l
Propionic acid	1.597	1.567	1.638	1.508	.5882
Total SCFA	4.752	5.304	6.089	5.242	.0622