Fatty acid profile of lipids and caeca volatile fatty acid production of broilers fed a full fat meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical-nutritional characteristics of the diets used in the trial.

	Soybean meal diet	Tenebrio molitor larvae meal diet
Dry matter, %	86.62	88.14
Crude protein, % AF	20.36	20.19
Ether extract, % AF	4.75	5.23
Crude fiber, % AF	4.11	3.93
Ash, % AF	6.77	6.67
Lysine, % AF	1.24	1.18
Methionine + Cystine, % AF	0.89	0.96
Trypsin, % AF	0.24	0.27
Threonine, % AF	0.81	0.90
Arginine, % AF	1.49	1.32
ME, kcal/kg	2,812	2,849

AF: as feed; ME: metabolizable energy.

Ingredients

soybean meal diet (g): corn grain (438.1), soybean meal 44% (446.5), vegetable oil (22.0), Monocalcic phosphate Cerqual (9.50), MinVit (6.40), NaCl (4.24), Calcium Bicarbonate (7.44), DL-Methionine (2.67), Sodium Bicarbonate (2.50), Fe (0.70), L-lysine (0.30).

Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (g): corn grain (641.4), Insect meal (296.5), Monocalcic phosphate Cerqual (9.50), MinVit (6.40), NaCl (4.24), Calcium Bicarbonate (7.44), DL-Methionine (3.67), Sodium Bicarbonate (2.50), Fe (0.70), L-lysine (0.30.)

Table 2. Fatty acid profile (% of total fatty acids) of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM) and experimental diets (SBM and TML).

	TM	SBM	TML
C14:0	2.15	0.12	2.42
C16:0	16.69	14.99	18.25
C18:0	3.46	3.25	3.84
C16:1n7	1.56	0.15	1.68
C18:1n9	31.56	33.25	38.12
C18:1n7	0.56	1.85	1.39
C18:2n6	36.42	44.56	30.35
C18:3n3	2.34	2.41	2.39
C22:6n3	1.07	2.54	1.95
SFA	23.19	18.36	24.51
MUFA	35.11	36.81	41.19
PUFAn6	36.71	44.56	30.35
PUFAn3	4.68	4.95	4.34

The fatty acids C20:1n9, C22:1n11, C18:4n3, C20:5n3, C22:5n3, found in the samples in percentage lower than 1%, were not included in table but considered in the fatty acid fractions.

SBM: soybean meal group; TML: Tenebrio molitor larvae meal group.

Table 3. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) level in the caecal content of broilers fed soybean or insect meal-based diet at 62 days of age.

	SBM	TML	RMSE	p-value
Mmol/l
Acetate	6.64^B	11.13^A	2.83	.0002
Propionate	2.64^B	4.49^A	1.27	.0005
Isobutyrate	0.26^B	0.48^A	0.19	.0036
Butyrate	1.44^B	4.07^A	0.94	<.0001
Isovalerianate	0.38^B	0.79^A	0.38	.0072
Valerianate	0.27^b	0.41^a	0.15	.0189
Total VFAs	11.63^B	21.38^A	5.22	<.0001
% of total VFAs
Acetate	56.86^A	52.30^B	3.64	.0023
Propionate	22.78^A	2.91^B	1.60	.0040
Isobutyrate	2.31	2.20	0.65	.6642
Butyrate	12.23^B	19.19^A	3.02	<.0001
Isovalerianate	3.49	3.55	1.23	.9069
Valerianate	2.33^A	1.85^B	0.38	.0022

SBM: soybean meal group; TML: Tenebrio molitor larvae meal group; RMSE: root mean square error; ^a,bp < .05; ^A,Bp < .01.

Table 4. Fatty acids profile (as % of total fatty acids) of the broiler breast.

	SBM	TML	RMSE	p value
Fatty acids				–
C12:0	1.26^b	1.37^a	0.11	.002
C14:0	1.86^b	1.98^a	0.18	.040
C16:0	18.52	18.06	0.88	.106
C16:1n7	3.07	2.95	0.66	.58
C18:0	6.54	6.52	0.49	.856
C18:1n9	22.93	22.33	2.47	.437
C18:1n7	2.79	2.88	0.19	.105
C18:2n6	22.15	22.00	1.88	.806
C18:3n3	1.76	1.79	0.21	.664
C20:3n6	0.98	1.00	0.19	.705
C20:4n6	4.49	4.48	1.12	.987
C22:4n6	1.33	1.36	0.39	.793
SFA	31.57	31.62	1.08	.891
MUFA	32.31	31.98	2.79	.711
PUFAn6	30.61	30.62	2.34	.983
PUFAn3	4.93	5.08	0.56	.391
PUFAn1	0.59^b	0.70^a	0.10	.001
Quality indexes
PUFAn6/PUFAn3	6.26	6.07	0.56	.2771
Atherogenicity index	1.06	1.09	0.07	.159
Thrombogenecity index	0.35	0.35	0.06	.983
h/H	2.58	2.59	0.19	.827

The fatty acids C13:0, C14:1n5, C15:0, C16:1n9, C17:0 anteiso, C17:0, C17:1, C16:4n1, C18:3n6, C18:4n3, C20:0, C20:1n11, C20:1n9, C20:1n7, C20:2n6, C20:3n3, C20:4n3, C20:5n3, C22:0, C22:5n6, C22:5n3, C22:6n3, found in the samples in percentage lower than 1%, were not included in the table but considered in the fatty acid fractions.

h/H: hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio; SBM: soybean meal group; TML: Tenebrio molitor larvae meal group;

RMSE: root mean square error; ^a,bp < .05.

Table 5. Fatty acids content (as % of total fatty acids) of the broiler abdominal depot.

	SBM	TML	RMSE	p-value
Fatty acids
C12:0	1.27	1.31	0.14	.545
C14:0	1.80	2.01	0.19	.056
C16:0	17.01	16.39	2.58	.662
C16:1n7	4.34	3.91	0.81	.343
C18:0	4.81	4.80	0.77	.990
C18:1n9	27.49	27.85	1.80	.709
C18:1n7	2.70	2.61	0.20	.421
C18:2n6	25.76	26.30	2.38	.680
C18:3n3	2.53	2.28	0.26	.083
SFA	28.42	28.17	2.98	.878
MUFA	38.15	38.10	2.68	.973
PUFAn6	28.51	29.05	2.49	.693
PUFAn3	4.32	4.06	0.35	.191
PUFAn1	0.61	0.63	0.06	.510

The fatty acids C13:0, C14:1n5, C15:0, C16:1n9, C17:0 anteiso, C17:0, C17:1, C16:4n1, C18:3n6, C18:4n3, C20:0, C20:1n11, C20:1n9, C20:1n7, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C20:3n3, C20:4n3, C20:5n3, C22:0, C22:4n6, C22:5n6, C22:5n3, C22:6n3, found in the samples in percentage lower than 1%, were not included in the table but considered in the fatty acid fractions.

SBM: soybean meal group; TML: Tenebrio molitor larvae meal group; RMSE: root mean square error.