Meat quality of male and female Italian Padovana and Polverara slow-growing chicken breeds

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition (g/kg as-fed) of the diets fed to Padovana and Polverara chickens.

	Diets
	Period 1 (0–28d)	Period 2 (29–71 d)	Period 3 (72–183 d)
Dry matter	898	882	906
Crude protein	196	194	174
Ether extract	37.3	18.4	30.9
Crude fibre	27.4	14.9	29.5
Ash	49.7	74.4	60.5

Standard crumbled organic vegetable diets (Progeo, Reggio Emilia, Italy): maize flour, toasted soybean, meal, maize gluten meal, soybean oil, added vitamins and mineral, without animal products, antibiotics or coccidiostat.

Table 2. Proximate composition (% on as is basis) of chicken breast meat (without skin).

	Breed (B)		Sex (S)		SE	Probability
	PAD	POL	M	F		B	S	B × S
Number of samples	20	20	20	20
Dry matter	25.8	25.9	25.8	25.9	0.20	0.75	0.71	0.29
Protein	20.4	20.7	20.5	20.6	0.20	0.29	0.85	0.64
Lipids	4.02	3.89	3.94	3.97	0.08	0.24	0.78	0.05
Ash	1.37	1.33	1.33	1.37	0.06	0.61	0.69	0.87
Number of samples	12	12	12	12
Cholesterol, mg/100 g	40.8	39.4	40.7	39.6	1.50	0.50	0.61	0.13

PAD: Padovana; POL: Polverara; M: male; F: female.

Table 3. Proximate composition (% on as is basis)* of chicken leg meat (without skin).

	Breed (B)		Sex (S)		SE	Probability
	PAD	POL	M	F		B	S	B × S
Number of samples	20	20	20	20
Dry matter	25.8^A	24.9^B	25.4	25.3	0.10	<0.01	0.69	0.96
Protein	17.9	18.0	18.0	18.0	0.10	0.42	0.69	0.04
Lipids	6.63^A	5.46^B	5.98	6.11	0.16	<0.01	0.58	0.36
Ash	1.23^b	1.40^a	1.39^a	1.24^b	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.22
Number of samples	12	12	12	12
Cholesterol, mg/100 g	71.2^A	66.5^B	69.9	67.8	1.00	<0.01	0.15	0.11

PAD: Padovana; POL: Polverara; M: male; F: female.

^a,b Means within the same row followed by different lowercase superscript letters differ p ≤ .05.

^A,B Means within the same row followed by different uppercase superscript letters differ p ≤ .01, p ≤ .0001.

* % on as is basis means that the % is not expressed on the dry matter but on the FRESH leg meat (including water).

Table 4. Fatty acid profile of breast meat (% on total Fatty acids methyl esters).

	Breed (B)		Sex (S)		SE	Probability
	PAD	POL	M	F		B	S	B × S
Number of samples	12	12	12	12
Total SFA	39.3	39.7	40.3	38.7	0.56	0.65	0.06	0.80
C 10:0	0.14	0.13	0.08	0.19	0.04	0.90	0.04	0.33
C 12:0	0.08	0.02	0.10	0.00	0.06	0.47	0.24	0.47
C 14:0	0.42	0.39	0.47	0.34	0.04	0.61	0.05	0.99
C 15:0	0.70	0.58	0.75	0.54	0.10	0.40	0.15	0.54
C 16:0	24.9	24.9	25.3	24.5	0.30	0.98	0.11	0.69
C 17:0	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.10	0.02	0.48	0.15	0.28
C 18:0	12.6	13.2	13.2	12.6	0.3	0.16	0.20	0.85
C 20:0	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.15	0.003	0.91	0.45	0.12
C 22:0	0.05	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.03	0.13	0.85	0.35
C 24:0	0.18	0.12	0.17	0.13	0.04	0.29	0.47	0.42
Total MUFA	25.6	24.3	24.6	25.4	0.66	0.17	0.39	0.92
C 14:1 n–9	0.04	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.03	0.33	0.33	0.33
C 16:1 n–9	1.09	1.00	1.12	0.97	0.10	0.54	0.34	0.77
C 17:1 n–10	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.31	0.31	0.03
C 18:1 n–9	21.5	20.7	20.7	21.5	0.60	0.35	0.31	0.88
C 18:1 n–11	2.94^a	2.57^b	2.72	2.80	0.10	0.01	0.56	0.59
C 22:1 n–9	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.70	0.19	0.70
Total PUFA	33.8	34.9	34.0	34.7	0.60	0.19	0.39	0.70
C 18:2 n–6	15.2	15.8	16.0	15.0	0.50	0.37	0.17	0.61
C 18:3 n–3	0.35	0.38	0.33	0.40	0.05	0.68	0.35	0.36
C 18:3 n–6	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.33	0.33	0.33
C 20:2 n–6	0.30	0.32	0.36	0.27	0.03	0.68	0.07	0.43
C 20:3 n–3	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.03	0.73	0.96	0.49
C 20:3 n–6	0.77	0.85	0.78	0.84	0.04	0.20	0.34	0.45
C 20:4 n–6	15.3	15.9	14.8	16.4	0.60	0.50	0.08	0.52
C 20:5 n–3	0.24	0.20	0.23	0.21	0.08	0.73	0.86	0.54
C 22:6 n–3	1.62	1.44	1.35^b	1.71^a	0.10	0.23	0.02	0.59
UFA:SFA	1.52	1.50	1.46	1.55	0.04	0.75	0.08	0.84
PUFA:SFA	0.86	0.88	0.85	0.90	0.02	0.51	0.11	0.70
n–6	31.6	32.9	32.0	32.4	0.60	0.12	0.58	0.76
n–3	2.26	2.09	2.04^b	2.31^a	0.09	0.19	0.04	0.38
n–6/n–3	14.3	16.0	16.1	14.2	0.70	0.08	0.05	0.46

SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids; UFA: Unsaturated Fatty Acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; PAD: Padovana; POL: Polverara; M: male; F: female.

^a,b Means within the same row followed by different lowercase superscript letters differ p ≤ .05.

Table 5. Fatty acid profile of leg meat (% total Fatty acids methyl esters).

	Breed (B)		Sex (S)		SE	Probability
	PAD	POL	M	F		B	S	B × S
Number of samples	12	12	12	12
Total SFA	34.3	34.9	34.5	34.6	0.20	0.08	0.69	0.42
C 10:0	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.01	0.40	0.05	0.88
C 12:0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.81	0.85
C 14:0	0.48	0.47	0.47	0.48	0.03	0.65	0.77	0.28
C 15:0	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.01	0.13	0.64	0.92
C 16:0	19.2	18.4	18.0^B	19.6^A	0.30	0.07	<0.01	0.36
C 17:0	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.01	0.98	0.77	0.07
C 18:0	13.9^b	15.3^a	15.3^a	13.9^b	0.40	0.02	0.01	0.93
C 20:0	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.03	0.96	0.60	0.23
C 22:0	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.01	0.08	0.86	0.39
C 24:0	0.14	0.19	0.19	0.14	0.06	0.53	0.55	0.47
Total MUFA	25.4^a	23.5^b	23.6^b	25.2^a	0.5	0.01	0.03	0.41
C 14:1 n–9	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.01	0.60	0.93	0.16
C 16:1 n–9	1.90^a	1.50^b	1.60	1.80	0.11	0.02	0.23	0.48
C 17:1 n–10	0.07	0.12	0.07	0.12	0.03	0.19	0.25	0.64
C 18:1 n–9	20.7	17.9	17.9	20.7	1.20	0.12	0.12	0.25
C 18:1 n–11	2.23	3.53	3.61	2.15	1.08	0.41	0.34	0.37
C 22:1 n–9	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.01	0.62	0.13	0.32
Total PUFA	37.5	38.5	38.7^a	37.2^b	0.50	0.19	0.05	0.62
C 18:2 n–6	22.9^B	24.6^A	24.9^A	22.5^B	0.40	0.01	<0.01	0.45
C 18:3 n–3	0.59	0.54	0.55	0.58	0.07	0.58	0.72	0.21
C 18:3 n–6	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.01	0.57	0.15	0.23
C 20:2 n–6	0.19	0.25	0.18	0.25	0.07	0.60	0.51	0.42
C 20:3 n–3	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.01	0.95	0.46	0.11
C 20:3 n–6	0.45^a	0.37^b	0.40	0.42	0.03	0.05	0.68	< 0.01
C 20:4 n–6	11.7	11.2	11.2	11.7	0.30	0.26	0.30	0.85
C 20:5 n–3	0.19	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.03	0.85	0.95	0.05
C 22:6 n–3	1.40^A	1.14^B	1.09^B	1.45^A	0.06	0.01	<0.01	0.03
UFA:SFA	1.84^a	1.77^b	1.81	1.80	0.02	0.03	0.88	0.43
PUFA:SFA	1.09	1.10	1.12^a	1.07^b	0.02	0.65	0.04	0.90
n–6	35.3	36.6	36.9^a	35.0^b	0.60	0.11	0.02	0.34
n–3	2.24^a	1.94^b	1.89^B	2.29^A	0.10	0.04	0.01	0.01
n–6/n–3	16.1^b	20.7^a	21.3^A	15.6^B	1.40	0.03	0.01	0.02

SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids; UFA: Unsaturated Fatty Acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; PAD: Padovana; POL: Polverara; M: male; F: female.

^a,b Means within the same row followed by different lowercase superscript letters differ p ≤ .05;

^A,B Means within the same row followed by different uppercase superscript letters differ p ≤ .01.