Evaluation of effect of probiotics mixture supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal bacterial enumeration, and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Compositions of basal nursery pig diets (as-fed basis).

	Phase 1, day 0–7	Phase 2, day 8–21	Phase 3, day 22–42
Ingredients, g/kg
Extruded corn	121.5	357.2	457.0
Extruded oat	100.0	0	0
Biscuit meal	0	50.0	90.0
Soybean meal, 44% CP	80.0	200.0	296.5
Fermented soybean	78.0	82.0	0
Meal
Fish meal	50.0	40.0	25.0
Soy oil	41.5	48.0	30.0
Lactose	100.0	60.0	0
Whey	165.0	100.0	62.5
Milk product	130.0	20.0	20.0
Monocalcium	12.5	10.0	6.0
Phosphate
Sugar	40.0	20.0	0
Plasma power	65.0	0	0
l-Lys HCl, 78%	1.2	2.5	1.6
dl-Met, 50%	2.6	1.5	1.4
l-Thr, 89%	7.7	0.8	0
Choline chloride, 25%	2.0	1.0	1.0
Vitamin premix^a	1.0	1.0	1.0
Trace mineral premix^b	2.0	2.0	2.0
Limestone	0	2.0	3.0
Salt	0	2.0	3.0
Calculated composition (g/kg)
ME (MJ/kg)	14.8	14.8	14.6
CP	220.0	210.0	205.0
Lys	15.7	14.1	13.3
Met	6.0	4.9	4.7
Thr	10.1	9.5	8.1
Try	3.2	2.8	2.4
Ca	8.0	7.8	7.5
Total P	7.6	7.6	6.4

^a Provided per kilogram of complete diet: vitamin A, 11 025 U; vitamin D3, 1103 U; vitamin E, 44 U; vitamin K, 4.4 mg; riboflavin, 8.3 mg; niacin, 50 mg; thiamine, 4 mg; d-pantothenic, 29 mg; choline, 166 mg; and vitamin B12, 33 μg.

^b Provided per kilogram of complete diet: Fe (as FeSO₄·7H₂O), 80 mg; Cu (as CuSO₄·5H₂O), 12 mg; Zn (as ZnSO₄), 85 mg; Mn (as MnO₂), 8 mg; I (as KI), 0.28 mg; and Se (as Na₂SeO₃·5H₂O), 0.15 mg. ME: metabolizable energy; CP: crude protein.

Table 2. Effect of probiotics mixture supplementation on growth performance in weaning pigs.

Items	CON	TRT1	TRT2	TRT3	SEM	p value
						Linear	Quadratic
Day 0–7
ADG, g	200.000	223.000	266.000*	250.000*	13.000	.003	.190
ADFI, g	258.000	269.000	333.000*	293.000*	9.000	.001	.013
G:F	0.796	0.843	0.814	0.861	0.042	.385	.998
Day 8–21
ADG, g	439.000	426.000	452.000	496.000*	13.000	.003	.047
ADFI, g	594.000	588.000	609.000	622.000	13.000	.087	.505
G:F	0.739	0.726	0.744	0.805	0.020	.056	.137
Day 22–42
ADG, g	523.000	547.000	520.000	516.000	16.000	.505	.369
ADFI, g	836.000	889.000*	881.000	851.000	16.000	.605	.016
G:F	0.629	0.617	0.589	0.603	0.017	.179	.443
Overall
ADG, g	441.000	453.000	455.000	465.000*	8.000	.052	.903
ADFI, g	659.000	685.000	699.000*	682.000	11.000	.110	.061
G:F	0.672	0.662	0.651	0.681	0.011	.708	.074

CON: Basal diet; TRT1: Basal diet + 0.1% probiotics mixture; TRT2: Basal diet + 0.2% probiotics mixture; TRT3: Basal diet + 0.3% probiotics mixture; SEM: standard error of means; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; G:F: gain to feed ratio.

Values of means represent five pigs per pen, nine replicate pens (n = 45) per treatment.

* Within a row for day 0–42 for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, means with a * differ (p<.05) from CON diet.

Table 3. Effect of probiotics mixture supplementation nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs.

Items, %	CON	TRT1	TRT2	TRT3	SEM	p value
						Linear	Quadratic
Day 42
Dry matter	80.940	81.900	81.930	82.340*	0.370	.0195	.468
Nitrogen	81.380	82.190	82.810*	83.290*	0.380	.0012	.660
Energy	80.260	80.570	81.700*	83.310*	0.450	<.0001	.163

CON: Basal diet; TRT1: Basal diet + 0.1% probiotics mixture; TRT2: Basal diet + 0.2% probiotics mixture; TRT3: Basal diet + 0.3% probiotics mixture; SME: standard error of means.

Values of means represent two pigs per pen, nine replicate pens pooled on a pen basis (n = 9) per treatment.

* Within a row at the end of experiment for dry matter, nitrogen, and energy, means with a * differ (p < .05) from CON diet.

Table 4. Effect of probiotics mixture supplementation on faecal microflora in weaning pigs.

Items, log10 cfu/g	CON	TRT1	TRT2	TRT3	SEM	p value
						Linear	Quadratic
Day 42
Lactobacillus	7.110	7.100	7.130	7.220*	.030	.0241	.120
E. coli	5.860	5.790	5.760*	5.690*	.030	.0013	.852

CON: Basal diet; TRT1: Basal diet + 0.1% probiotics mixture; TRT2: Basal diet + 0.2% probiotics mixture; TRT3: Basal diet + 0.3% probiotics mixture; SEM: standard error of means.

Values of means represent two pigs per pen, nine replicate pens pooled on a pen basis (n = 9) per treatment.

* Within a row at the end of experiment for Lactobacillus and E. coli, means with a * differ (p < .05) from CON diet.

Table 5. Effect of probiotics mixture supplementation on faecal noxious gas emission in weaning pigs.

Items, ppm	CON	TRT1	TRT2	TRT3	SEM	p value
						Linear	Quadratic
NH3	7.730	6.930	7.000	6.280	.401	.035	.927
H2S	5.200	5.150	5.080	5.030	.218	.550	1.000
Total mercaptans	3.280	2.950	3.000	2.780*	.166	.060	.754

CON: Basal diet; TRT1: Basal diet + 0.1% probiotics mixture; TRT2: Basal diet + 0.2% probiotics mixture; TRT3: Basal diet + 0.3% probiotics mixture; SEM: standard error of means; NH₃: ammonia; H₂S: hydrogen sulfide.

Values of means represent two pigs per pen, nine replicate pens pooled on a pen basis (n = 9) per treatment.

* Within a row at the end of experiment for NH₃, H₂S, and total mercaptans, means with a * differ (p < .05) from CON diet.