Nutritional composition of raw and fried big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from trasimeno lake

Figures & data

TABLE 1. Sunflower oil nutritional declaration.

Average value	100 mL
Energy	3404 kJ 828 kcal
Fat	92 g
Of which Saturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated	9 g 42 g 41 g
Carbohydrate	0 g
Protein	0 g
Salt	0 g

TABLE 2. pH and proximate composition (%) of raw and fried whole big-scale sand smelt.

	Raw	Fried	SED
pH	6.42	6.40	0.23
Dry matter	24.63^a	43.13^b	4.13
Protein	18.40^a	24.20^b	2.08
Lipids	2.20^a	14.20^b	1.86
Ash	3.03	2.73	0.40

N = 10 per group.

^a,bp < 0.05.

SED: standard error of the difference.

Table 3. Fatty acid profile (% of total fatty acids) of raw and fried whole big-scale sand smelt.

Fatty acid			Raw	Fried	SED
SFA			34.65^b	20.45^a	1.12
	C14:0		4.99^b	1.27^a	0.32
	C16:0		21.84^b	13.86^a	1.11
	C18:0		5.05	4.11	0.26
	Others		2.77^b	1.21^a	0.14
MUFA			31.56^a	38.31^b	1.90
	C16:1n-7		10.72^b	2.99^a	0.25
	C18:1n-9		14.06^a	33.35^b	1.26
	C20:1n-9		1.35^b	0.52^a	0.18
	Others		5.58^b	1.47^a	0.52
PUFA			33.71^a	41.23^b	1.58
	C18:2n-6	LA	8.18^a	24.87^b	1.62
	C20:4n-6		5.14^b	2.84^a	0.82
	C18:3n-3	ALA	5.45^b	3.59^a	0.55
	C20:5n-3	EPA	3.86^b	2.17^a	0.36
	C22:6n-3	DHA	10.36^b	7.74^a	0.40
	Others		0.72^b	0.02^a	0.17

N = 10 per group.

^a,bp < 0.05.

SED: standard error of the difference; SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; LA: linoleic acid; ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid.

TABLE 4. Fatty acid (mg/100 g of fish) and antioxidant (μg/kg) contents, TBARS (mg MDA/kg) and nutritional indexes of raw and fried big-scale sand smelt.

	Raw	Fried	SED
Fatty acids
ΣSFA	771.45^a	3026.64^b	28.21
ΣMUFA	640.64^A	6684.77^B	19.78
ΣPUFAn-3	250.76^A	801.55^B	9.70
ΣPUFAn-6	179.64^A	1379.53^B	9.70
ΣPUFA	430.41^A	2181.08^B	10.24
Antioxidants
δ-tocopherol	0.019	0.005	0.003
γ-tocopherol	0.22^B	0.03^A	0.01
α-tocopherol	2.50^B	0.77^A	0.08
Lipid oxidation
TBARS	0.19^a	0.39^b	0.15
Nutritional indexes
Peroxidability index	273.12	226.52	25.81
Atherogenic index	0.64^B	0.24^A	0.05
Thrombogenic index	0.38^B	0.26^A	0.03

N = 10 per group.

^A,Bp < 0.01.

^a,bp < .05.

SED: standard error of the difference; ΣSFA: sum of total saturated fatty acids; ΣMUFA: sum of total monounsaturated fatty acids; ΣPUFAn-3: sum of total polyunsaturated fatty acids from n-3 series; ΣPUFAn-6: sum of total polyunsaturated fatty acids from n-6 series; ΣPUFA: sum of total polyunsaturated fatty acids; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.