Effect of range use on endo- and ectoparasite infestation in italian organic egg production

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean percentage of hens observed in the zones considered.

Zones	Mean	SE	p value
1	7.190	0.680	.164
2	5.260	0.760	.096
3	4.180	1.200	.005
Veranda	12.320	1.820	.066
Total	24.030	2.460	.001

SE: Standard error.

Table 2. Effects of the zone (away from the hen house) on number and weight of droppings, vegetation score and the percentage of hens observed outdoor.

	Zone 1		Zone 2		Zone 3
	Means	SE	Means	SE	Means	SE	p value
Droppings, n	4.350^a	0.550	2.810^bc	0.310	1.800^c	0.240	<.001
Droppings weight, g	10.430^a	1.270	6.120^bc	0.770	4.190^c	0.590	<.001
Vegetation, score	1.520^a	0.140	1.990^a	0.190	2.670^b	0.220	<.001
Total Hens Obs, %	7.180^a	0.680	5.260^ab	0.750	4.180^b	1.800	<.006

Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly.

SE: Standard error.

Table 3. Effect of season on endoparasite infestation.

	Spring–Summer		Autumn–Winter
	Means	SE	Means	SE	p value
Ascaridia small	0.440	0.140	0.770	0.320	.280
Ascaridia adult	5.070	1.130	9.530	4.020	.152
Cestodes	1.400	0.210	0.570	0.240	.023
Eggs Ascaridia Heterakis	357.560	52.780	248.670	43.490	.112
Eggs Capillaria	11.330	3.060	22.440	5.040	.060
Oocists Coccidia	1825.110	471.740	647.560	121.320	.016

SE: Standard error.