Effect of feeding Bacillus cereus var. toyoi and/or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on blood clinical chemistry, oxidative stress, immune response and genotoxicity in T-2 toxin exposed rabbits

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental groups and diets.

Groups	Supplementation of the basal diet
	Between 35 and 49 days of age (n = 20)	Between 50 and 70 days of age (n = 10)
C	–	–
B	B. cereus	B. cereus
M	MOS	MOS
BM	B. cereus+MOS	B. cereus+MOS
CT	–	T-2
BT	B. cereus	B. cereus+T-2
MT	MOS	MOS + T-2
BMT	B. cereus+MOS	B. cereus+MOS + T-2

MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin.

Table 2. Production parameters of rabbits measured between 49 and 70 days of age (means, SE).

Age, days	Treatment								SE	p
	C	CT	B	BT	M	MT	BM	BMT
	Body weight, g
49	1550	1563	1451	1472	1583	1549	1518	1517	12.400	.168
56	1790	1702	1624	1610	1856	1691	1805	1629	18.400	<.001
63	1985	1822	1785	1735	2121	1783	2084	1716	27.000	<.001
70	2174	1970	1960	1885	2354	1946	2347	1887	33.300	<.001
	Daily weight gain, g
49–56	34.200	19.900	24.600	19.800	39.000	20.300	41.000	16.000	1.730	<.001
56–63	27.900	17.200	23.000	16.700	37.900	13.100	39.800	12.500	1.780	<.001
63–70	27.100	21.200	25.100	21.500	33.300	23.400	37.600	24.500	1.640	.274
49–70	29.700	19.400	24.200	19.500	36.700	18.900	39.500	17.600	1.380	<.001
	Daily feed consumption, g
49–56	136	89	116	88	143	91	147	114	5.220	.001
56–63	128	93	101	88	155	93	152	90	6.070	<.001
63–70	136	104	116	106	161	111	165	122	5.310	.012
49–70	133	96	111	94	153	98	154	109	5.010	<.001
	Feed conversion ratio, g/g
49–56	4.100	4.830	7.010	4.470	3.670	4.960	3.600	8.180	0.480	.231
56–63	4.810	5.510	4.670	5.160	4.100	8.390	3.810	7.860	0.400	.037
63–70	5.190	4.940	4.730	4.770	4.840	4.810	4.380	5.100	0.130	.965
49–70	4.500	5.010	4.770	4.650	4.160	5.280	3.920	6.310	0.160	.004

C: control; CT: control + T-2; B: B. cereus; BT: B. cereus+T-2; M: MOS; MT: MOS + T-2; BM: B. cereus+MOS; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2; MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin.

n = 10/group.

Table 3. Blood clinical biochemical parameters affected by treatments, examined at the end of the experiment (70 days of age) (means, SE).

Parameter	Treatment								SE	p
	C	CT	B	BT	M	MT	BM	BMT
TP, g/L	57.600	49.700	63.100	54.200	61.500	55.600	62.900	54.800	0.830	<.001
ALB, g/L	39.000	34.100	40.900	36.500	40.700	36.300	40.800	36.700	0.440	<.001
ALKP, U/L	432.800	256.800	452.000	302.800	393.800	237.200	508.200	272.300	19.50	<.001

C: control; CT: control + T-2; B: B. cereus; BT: B. cereus+T-2; M: MOS; MT: MOS + T-2; BM: B. cereus+MOS; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2 TP: total protein; ALB: albumin; ALKP: alkaline-phosphatase; MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin.

n = 6/group.

Figure 1. (a) Glutathione-peroxidase activity (GPx, U/g 10,000 g supernatant protein) and (b) malondialdehyde concentration (MDA, µmol/g wet weight) in the kidney examined at the end of the experiment (70 days of age). C: control; CT: control + T-2; B: B. cereus; BT: B. cereus+T-2; M: MOS; MT: MOS + T-2; BM: B. cereus+MOS; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2. n = 6/group; MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin. ^a,bSignificant (p < .05) differences between treatments.

Figure 2. (a) OVA-specific IgG concentration (mg/mL) of the blood plasma and (b) phagocytic activity (%) of the macrophage cells isolated from the blood at the end of the experiment (70 days of age). C: control; CT: control + T-2; B: B. cereus; BT: B. cereus+T-2; M: MOS; MT: MOS + T-2; BM: B. cereus+MOS; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2. n = 6/group; MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin. ^a,bSignificant (p<.05) differences between treatments.

Figure 3. (a) Interferon-γ and (b) interleukin-2 measured from the gut mucosa at the end of the experiment (70 days of age). Results are given as Ct (cycle threshold) values. C: control; CT: control + T-2; B: B. cereus; BT: B. cereus+T-2; M: MOS; MT: MOS + T-2; BM: B. cereus+MOS; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2. n = 6/group; MOS: mannan oligosaccharide; T-2: T-2 toxin. ^a,b,c,dSignificant (p<.05) differences between treatments.

Figure 4. Results of the comet assay performed with lymphocytes isolated from the toxin treated animals at the end of the experiment (70 days of age). Results are expressed as frequency (%) of the comets classified into 0–5 scores according to the severity of DNA damage. CT: control + T-2; BT: B. cereus+T-2; MT: MOS + T-2; BMT: B. cereus+MOS + T-2. n = 100 cell/animal, n = 6 animal/group. ^a,bSignificant (p<.05) differences between treatments. 0: no cell classified to that category.