Milking characteristics, hygiene and management practices in Saanen goat farms: a case of Canakkale province, Turkey

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of farms including sampling in Çanakkale by district and scale size.

District	Small	Medium	Large	Total
	(25–75 Heads)	(76–150 Heads)	(151 And Overheads)
Bayramiç	8	17	9	34
Central	3	12	8	23
Others	9	13	13	35
Total	20	42	30	92

Table 2. Distribution of findings regarding herd health protection practices and health problems in farms by regions and scales.

Findings	Farm districts								Farm scales
	Bayramiç		Central		Others		Total		Small		Medium		Large		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Application of foot bath
Yes	3	8.82	2	8.69	3	8.57	8	8.69	2	10.00	2	4.76	4	13.33	8	8.69
No	31	91.17	21	91.30	32	91.42	84	91.30	18	90.00	40	95.23	26	86.66	84	91.30
Application of nail care
Yes	22	64.70	12	52.17	15	42.85	49	53.26	13	65.00	21	50.00	15	50.00	49	53.26
No	12	35.29	11	47.82	20	57.14	43	46.73	7	35.00	21	50.00	15	50.00	43	46.73
Struggling parasites
Effective	28	82.35^a	12	52.17^b	26	74.28^a,b	66	71.73	16	80.00	30	71.42	20	66.66	66	71.73
Insufficient	6	17.64^a	11	47.82^b	9	25.71^a,b	26	28.26	4	20.00	12	28.57	10	33.33	26	28.26
Birth place existence
Exist	18	52.94	14	60.86	19	54.28	51	55.43	15	75.00	19	45.23	17	56.66	51	55.43
It does not exist	16	47.05	9	39.13	16	45.71	41	44.56	5	25.00	23	54.76	13	43.33	41	44.56
Frequency milking machine head replacement
Once in a year	10	29.41	5	21.73	6	17.14	21	22.82	3	15.00	10	23.80	8	26.66	21	22.82
Twice in a year	3	8.82	3	13.04	3	8.57	9	9.78	3	15.00	0	0	6	20.00	9	9.78
Three times in a year	1	2.94	0	0	2	5.71	3	3.26	0	0	1	2.38	2	6.66	3	3.26
In case of need	3	8.82	4	17.39	4	11.42	11	11.95	1	5.00	7	16.66	3	10.00	11	11.95
No usage of milking machine	17	50.00	11	47.82	20	57.14	48	52.17	13	65.00	24	57.14	11	36.66	48	52.17
Frequency of vacuum control
Once in week	0	0	3	13.04	2	5.71	5	5.43	1	5.00	2	4.76	2	6.66	5	5.43
Once in a month	1	2.94	1	4.34	3	8.57	5	5.43	2	10.00	1	2.38	2	6.66	5	5.43
Once in a year	11	32.35	4	17.39	7	20.00	22	23.91	1	5.00	13	30.95	8	26.66	22	23.91
Twice in a year	5	14.70	4	17.39	3	8.57	12	13.04	3	15.00	2	4.76	7	23.33	12	13.04
No usage of milking machine	17	50.00	11	47.82	20	57.14	48	52.17	13	65.00	24	57.14	11	36.66	48	52.17
Providing animals from outside
Yes	15	44.11	14	60.86	12	34.28	41	44.56	11	55.00	17	40.47	13	43.33	41	44.56
No	19	55.88	9	39.13	23	65.71	51	55.43	9	45.00	25	59.52	17	56.66	51	55.43
By whom the treatment is made in case of any disease seen in a herd?
Veterinarian	0	0^a	4	17.39^b	0	0^a	4	4.34	0	0	2	4.76	2	6.66	4	4.34
Owner	5	14.70^a	5	21.73^a	12	34.28^a	22	23.91	8	40.00	9	21.42	5	16.66	22	23.91
Both	29	85.29^a	14	60.86^a	23	65.71^a	66	71.73	12	60.00	31	73.80	23	76.66	66	71.73
Mastitis presence
Yes	11	32.35	8	34.78	17	48.56	36	39.13	9	45.00^b	17	40.50^b	10	33.33^a	36	39.13
No	23	67.65	15	65.22	18	51.44	56	60.87	11	55.00^b	25	59.50^b	20	66.66^a	56	60.87

^a,bDifferent letter in the same row refers to statistically significant association at p < .05.

Table 3. Distribution of findings regarding hygiene and milking characteristics in farms by districts and scales.

Findings	Farm districts								Farm scales
	Bayramiç		Central		Others		Total		Small		Medium		Large		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Milking method
Milking machine	0	0^a	8	34.78^b	1	2.85^a	9	9.78	1	5.00	3	7.14	5	16.66	9	9.78
Milking room	17	50.00^a	4	17.39^b	14	40.00^a,b	35	38.04	6	30.00	15	35.71	14	46.66	35	38.04
Hand milking	17	50.00^a	11	47.82^a	20	57.14^a	48	52.17	13	65.00	24	57.14	11	36.66	48	52.17
Training on hygiene and milking machine
Yes	12	35.29	4	17.39	9	25.71	25	27.17	4	20.00	11	26.19	10	33.33	25	27.17
No	22	64.70	19	82.60	26	74.28	67	72.82	16	80.00	31	73.80	20	66.66	67	72.82
Using gloves during milking
Yes	2	5.88	5	21.73	2	5.71	9	9.78	2	10.00	3	7.14	4	13.33	9	9.78
No	32	94.11	18	78.26	33	94.28	83	90.21	18	90.00	39	92.85	26	86.66	83	90.21
Using antiseptic during milking
Yes	6	17.64	7	30.43	10	28.57	23	25.00	9	45.00^a	4	9.52^b	10	33.33^a	23	25.00
No	28	82.35	16	69.56	25	71.42	69	75.00	11	55.00^a	38	90.47^b	20	66.66^a	69	75.00
Applying for milking order
Yes	33	97.05	18	78.26	31	88.57	82	89.13	19	95.00	36	85.71	27	90.00	82	89.13
No	1	2.94	5	21.73	4	11.42	10	10.86	1	5.00	6	14.28	3	10.00	10	10.86
Feeding time
Before milking	8	23.52	2	8.69	8	22.85	18	19.56	5	25.00	9	21.42	4	13.33	18	19.56
During milking	7	20.58	5	21.73	7	20.00	19	20.65	3	15.00	7	16.66	9	30.00	19	20.65
During milking/after milking	8	23.52	6	26.08	4	11.42	18	19.56	3	15.00	6	14.28	9	30.00	18	19.56
After milking	11	32.35	10	43.47	16	45.71	37	40.21	9	45.00	20	47.61	8	26.66	37	40.21
Separate place for sick animals
Yes	18	52.94	14	60.86	22	62.85	54	58.69	10	50.00	23	54.76	21	70.00	54	58.69
No	16	47.05	9	39.13	13	37.14	38	41.30	10	50.00	19	45.23	9	30.00	38	41.30
Disinfection of the milking machine after each milking
Yes	16	47.05	10	43.47	15	42.85	41	44.56	7	35.00	17	40.47	17	56.66	41	44.56
No	1	2.94	2	8.69	0	0	3	3.26	0	0	1	2.38	2	6.66	3	3.26
No usage of milking machine	17	50.00	11	47.82	20	57.14	48	52.17	13	65.00	24	57.14	11	36.66	48	52.17
Frequency of cleaning pen
Every day	17	50.00	9	39.13	13	37.14	39	42.39	8	40.00	17	40.47	14	46.66	39	42.39
Two or three times in a week	17	50.00	14	60.87	22	62.86	53	57.61	12	60.00	25	59.53	16	53.34	53	57.61
Frequency of changing based material
Every day	3	8.82	0	0	0	0	3	3.26	1	5.00	1	2.38	1	3.33	3	3.26
Once in a week	3	8.82	2	8.69	3	8.57	8	8.69	2	10.00	2	4.76	4	13.33	8	8.69
Twice in a week	16	47.05	8	34.77	17	48.56	41	44.56	10	50.00	19	45.25	12	40.01	41	44.56
Once in a month	3	8.82	2	8.69	6	17.14	11	11.95	2	10.00	6	14.28	3	10.00	11	11.95
No usage of base	9	26.47	11	47.82	9	25.71	29	31.52	5	25.00	14	33.33	10	33.33	29	31.52

^a,bDifferent letter in the same row refers to statistically significant association at p < .05.

Table 4. Descriptive analysis of some variables according to the milking method.

Findings	Milking machine				Hand milking
	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	SD	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	SD
Total milking animal number (heads)	110.30^a	4	594	105.58	63.21^b	11	251	40.42
Total milk production, kg/year	40,897.72^a	6.00	170.00	32,467.08	29,745.83^b	4.50	90.00	19,836.15
Milk yield, kg/d/goat	1.86	0.43	4.37	0.90	2.04	0.48	4.80	1.08
Lactation duration, d/year	231.59	180	300	35.82	225.00	120	300	37.25
Building and equipment maintenance-repair and depreciation costs (TL)	9844.56^a	1.40	64.08	13,078.16	5530.20^b	526.40	23.02	5025.10

^a,bDifferent letter in the same row refers to statistically significant association at p < .05.

1$=3.65 TL (average exchange rate in 2017).

Figure 1. Distribution of diseases in farms by scale (%).