Fermentation profile and nutritional value of sesame silage compared to usual silages

Figures & data

Table 1. Soil chemical analysis of the area where the four forage species were planted.

	mg dm^−³		cmol dm^−³							%
pH^a	P^b	K^b	Ca^c	Mg^c	Al^c	H + Al^d	SB	CEC-t	CEC-T	V	m
5.78	29.6	84.0	2.8	1.2	0.1	3.3	4.3	4.3	7.5	56.0	2.3

^a pH in water: 1:2.5 ratio.

^b P–K–Na: Mehlich extractor.

^c Ca–Mg–Al: extractor KCl¹ mol⁻¹.

^d H + Al: extractor SMP.

SB: sum of exchangeable bases; CEC-t: effective cation exchange capacity; CEC-T: effective cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0; V: basal saturation index; m: aluminium saturation index; P: Phosphorus; K: Potassium.

Table 2. Chemical composition of the forages used in the silage production at the formulation of the treatments and degradability trial.

Nutrients (g kg^−1 DM)	Species
	Corn	Millet	Sunflower	Sesame
Dry matter	404.5	175.4	196.5	251.7
Ashes	57.5	79.8	79.0	60.8
NDF	699.9	738.4	441.7	562.4
ADF	341.7	439.0	347.7	369.9
Crude protein	66.7	91.5	167.2	117.7
Ether extract	16.5	15.0	146.1	105.4
NFC	159.2	75.0	123.8	153.5
Lignin	27.6	59.0	42.0	31.4
Cellulose	314.1	380.0	305.7	338.5
Hemicellulose	358.2	299.4	94.0	192.5
TDN	459.0	429.6	656.3	564.1

NDF: neutral detergent fibre (g kg⁻¹ of DM); ADF: acid detergent fibre (g kg⁻¹ of DM); NFC: non-fibrous carbohydrates (g kg⁻¹ of DM); TDN: total digestible nutrients (g kg⁻¹ of DM of DM).

Table 3. Mean values of dry forage biomass production (DFBP) and losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), pH and N-ammoniacal (N-NH3) of the silages.

Variables	Silages^a				SEM	p Value
	Corn	Millet	Sunflower	Sesame
DFBP (t ha^−1)	7.9^b	17.8^a	7.5^b	10.8^ab	1.15	.0121
Gases (%)	4.3a^b	3.0^c	6.2^a	3.1^c	0.06	.0256
Effluent (%)	2.8^c	20.6^a	9.0^b	9.5^b	1.18	<.0001
DMR (%)	96.5^a	64.6^d	79.8^b	70.0^c	0.77	<.0001
pH	4.21^b	4.10^b	4.95^a	4.07^b	0.08	.0002
N-NH3^b(%)	5.88^b	7.64a^b	5.33^b	8.85^a	0.56	.0061

^a Means followed by the same letters do not differ by Tukey's test (p > .05);

^b N–NH₃ is expressed based on total nitrogen.

SME: mean standard error.

Table 4. Chemical composition of the sesame silage compared to the usual silages in the formulation of the treatments and in the degradability trial.

Nutrients (g kg^−1 DM)	Silages^a				SEM	p Value
	Corn	Millet	Sunflower	Sesame
Dry matter	429.4^a	280.7^b	280.0^b	326.5^b	1.48	.0002
Ashes	53.1^b	52.5^b	121.0^a	44.7^b	0.50	<.0001
NDF	732.6^a	759.1^a	497.9^c	627.4^b	1.63	<.0001
ADF	349.5^a^b	452.9^a	301.1^c	374.4^b	1.20	<.0001
Crude protein	59.2^d	78.8^c	152.6^a	101.3^b	0.34	<.0001
Ether extract	18.5^b	18.2^b	160.4^a	130.3^a	0.83	<.0001
NFC	136.4^a	91.3^a	109.9^a	96.1^a	1.19	.0942
Lignin	26.8^c	67.6^a	42.4^b	25.5^c	0.31	<.0001
Cellulose	322.7^b	385.3^a	258.7^c	348.9^a^b	1.37	.0006
Hemicellulose	383.1^a	306.2^a	196.8^b	253.0^b	1.70	<.0001
TDN	434.1^c	413.9^c	613.4^a	514.4^b	1.25	<.0001

^a Means followed by the same letters do not differ by Tukey's test (p > .05).

NDF: neutral detergent fibre (g kg⁻¹ of DM); ADF: acid detergent fibre (g kg⁻¹ of DM); NFC: non-fibrous carbohydrates (g kg⁻¹ of DM); TDN: total digestible nutrients (g kg⁻¹ of DM of DM); SEM: mean standard error.

Table 5. Rumen degradation of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre of sesame silage compared to the usual silages, incubated in the rumen.

Variables (g kg^−1)	Silages^a
	Corn	Millet	Sunflower	Sesame	SEM	p Value
Dry matter (g kg^−1)
A	258.2^a	185.9^c	218.4^b	214.7^b	0.36	<.0001
B	680.9^a,^b	814.0^a	489.2^b	711.5^a	4.48	.0117
c (% h^−1)	0.0121^a^,b	0.0083^b	0.0158^a	0.0114^a,^b	0.001	.0588
ED2	512.0^a	426.0^c	430.6^c	466.0^b	0.39	<.0001
ED5	389.0^a	302.6^d	333.3^c	343.0^b	0.15	<.0001
ED8	346.6^a	263.0^c	297.6^b	307.3^b	0.41	<.0001
Crude protein (g kg^−1)
A	263.6^a	278.8^a	242.7^a	271.7^a	1.09	.2083
B	711.6^a	671.8^a^b	557.1^b,c	443.3^c	2.73	.0017
c (% h^−1)	0.0090^b	0.0100^b	0.0270^a	0.0320^a	0.003	.0042
ED2	533.3^a	498.3^b	557.6^a	542.3^a	0.50	.0009
ED5	403.6^b	388.6^b	434.6^a	443.6^a	0.51	.0008
ED8	358.0^b,c	352.0^c	381.3^a,b	397.3^a	0.49	.0021
Neutral detergent fibre (g kg^−1)
A	45.7^a	59.3^a	51.4^a	69.1^a	0.49	.0622
B	437.8^a	415.8^a	452.5^a	528.3^a	4.37	.3726
c (% h^−1)	0.0266^a	0.0300^a	0.0233^a	0.0200^a	0.004	.4547
ED2	296.6^a,b	285.3^b	302.0^a	306.3^a	0.24	.0046
ED5	199.0^a	197.0^a	201.6^a	202.3^a	0.49	.8631
ED8	156.0^a	158.3^a	159.0^a	162.3^a	0.52	.8587

^a Means followed by the same letters do not differ by Tukey's test (p > .05).

A: soluble fraction (g kg⁻¹); B: potentially degradable insoluble fraction (g kg⁻¹); c: degradation rate of fraction B (h⁻¹); ED2 (g kg⁻¹): effective degradability with passage rate of 2% per hour; ED5 (g kg⁻¹): effective degradability with passage rate of 5% per hour; ED8 (g kg⁻¹): effective degradability with passage rate of 8% per hour; SEM: mean standard error.