Effects of probiotics complex supplementation in low nutrient density diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial, and faecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of the experimental growing pig diets (as-fed basis)^a.

Items	High nutrient density	Low nutrient density
Ingredients, %
Corn	37.57	37.98
Wheat	19	24
Rice bran	2	2
Wheat bran	2	–
Parm kernell meal	2	3
Soybean meal	3	3
Dehulled soybean meal	15.11	11.34
Rape seed meal	4	4
Sesame meal	2	2
Brown rice	5	5
Animal fat	3.79	3.26
Molasses	2	2
Limestone	1.05	1.08
Monocalcium phosphate	0.16	0.1
Salt	0.3	0.3
Methionine 98%	0.01	–
Threonine 98%	0.02	0.01
Lysine 25%	0.5	0.49
Choline Chloride 50%	0.09	0.09
Vitamin/Mineral mixture^b	0.4	0.35
Chemical composition
Digestible energy (kcal/kg)	3560	3540
Metabolic energy (kcal/kg)	3280	3260
Crude protein (%)	17.50	16.00
Crude fat (%)	6.70	5.90
Crude fibre (%)	3.80	3.90
Total lysine (%)	0.99	0.88
Calcium (%)	0.75	0.65
Phosphorus (%)	0.42	0.39

^aAbbreviation: HD: high nutrient density diet; LD: low nutrient density diet; .

^bProvided per kilogram of complete diet: vitamin A, 10,000 IU; vitamin D₃, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 48 IU; vitamin K₃, 1.5 mg; riboflavin, 6 mg; niacin, 40 mg; d-pantothenic, 17 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg; folic acid, 2 mg; choline, 166 mg; vitamin B₆, 2 mg; and vitamin B₁₂, 28 mg, Fe (as FeSO₄•7H₂O), 90 mg; Cu (as CuSO₄•5H₂O), 15 mg; Zn (as ZnSO₄), 50 mg; Mn (as MnO₂), 54 mg; I (as KI), 0.99 mg; and Se (as Na₂SeO₃•5H₂O), 0.25 mg.

Table 2. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotics additive on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs^a.

Items	HD	LD	T1	T2	SEM^b	p-Value
						HD vs LD	HD vs T1,2	LD vs T1,2
Final BW, kg	52.90	51.58	51.77	53.08	0.50	.079	.443	.189
ADG, g	679	647	652	683	12	.083	.456	.192
ADFI, g	1650	1633	1640	1653	15	.410	.852	.449
G:F	0.41	0.39	0.39	0.41	0.01	.091	.430	.226
Backfat thickness, mm
Initial	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	0.23	.794	.880	.651
Final	8.5	8.3	8.5	8.7	0.22	.592	.836	.412
Lean meat percentage, %
Initial	75.3	75.0	75.2	75.3	0.28	.378	.837	.415
Final	66.3	66.6	66.4	66.2	0.31	.525	.971	.486
Nutrient digestibility, %
Dry matter	77.38	77.05	77.13	77.45	0.58	.703	.905	.748
Nitrogen	76.00	75.93	75.98	76.08	0.67	.939	0977	.906
Energy	76.70	76.58	76.63	76.75	0.69	.900	.989	.896

^aAbbreviation: HD: high nutrient density diet; LD: low nutrient density diet; T1: LD diet + 0.05% probiotics; T2: LD diet + 0.10% probiotics; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; G:F: gain to feed ratio.

^bStandard error of means.

Table 3. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotics additive on faecal microbial in growing pigs^a.

Items	HD	LD	T1	T2	SEM^b	p-Value
						HD vs LD	HD vs T1,2	LD vs T1,2
Final, log10CFU/g
Lactobacillus	7.52	7.46	7.56	7.57	0.04	.398	.286	.049
E coli	6.11	6.13	6.05	6.07	0.03	.705	.234	.110

^aAbbreviation: HD: high nutrient density diet; LD: low nutrient density diet; T1: LD diet + 0.05% probiotics; T2: LD diet + 0.10% probiotics.

^bStandard error of means.

CFU: Colony-Forming Units.

Table 4. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotics additive on faecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs^a.

Items	HD	LD	T1	T2	SEM^b	p-Value
						HD vs LD	HD vs T1,2	LD vs T1,2
Gases, ppm
NH3	1.6	1.9	1.4	1.2	0.19	.287	.224	.028
H2S	4.8	5.1	4.8	4.6	0.30	.565	.738	.327
Total mercaptans	3.3	2.7	2.8	2.9	0.25	.162	.207	.698
Acetic acid	6.8	6.6	6.6	6.8	0.34	.647	.724	.860

^aAbbreviation: HD: high nutrient density diet; LD: low nutrient density diet; T1: LD diet + 0.05% probiotics; T2: LD diet + 0.10% probiotics.

^bStandard error of means.