Feed supplementation with some natural products on Salmonella infected broilers’ performance and intestinal injury during the starter period

Figures & data

Table 1. Ration composition of broiler chickens during the starter phase.

Ingredient (%)	Starter phase
Yellow corn	57.39
Soybean meal (46%)	27.00
Palm oil	2.20
Corn gluten meal	8.80
Wheat bran	0.00
Dicalcium phosphate	2.30
Ground limestone	0.70
Choline chloride	0.05
DL-methionine	0.105
L-lysine	0.39
Salt	0.40
Threonine	0.17
V-M premix^a	0.50
Analyses
Metabolizable energy, Kcal/kg	3000
Crude protein, %	23.0
Non phytate P, %	0.48
Calcium, %	0.96
D. Lysine, %	1.28
D. Methionine, %	0.60
Sulfur amino acids, %	0.95
Threonine, %	0.86

a Vitamin-mineral premix contains in the following per kg: vitamin A, 2,400,000 IU; vitamin D, 1,000,000 IU; vitamin E, 16,000 IU; vitamin K, 800 mg; vitamin B1, 600 mg; vitamin B₂, 1600 mg; vitamin B₆, 1000 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 6 mg; niacin, 8000 mg; folic acid, 400 mg; pantothenic acid, 3000 mg; biotin 40 mg; antioxidant, 3000 mg; cobalt, 80 mg; copper, 2000 mg; iodine, 400; iron, 1200 mg; manganese, 18,000 mg; selenium, 60 mg, and zinc, 14,000 mg.

Table 2. The effects of treatments on feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), performance efficiency factor (PEF) and mortality of control and Salmonella infected broiler.

Treatments	FI (g)	BW (g)	FCR (g: g)	PFE	Mortality (%)
Negative control	437.0^a	374.7^a	1.259^c	196.6^a	1.9
Positive control	396.8^a,b	308.6^c	1.285^c	109.12^d	3.5
T1	391.4^c	331.1^b,c	1.390^b	150.5^c	2.9
T2	401.4^b,c	344.3^a,b	1.295^c	174.2^a,b	3.4
T3	389.8^c	330.1^b,c	1.383^b	153.3^b,c	2.8
T4	371.8^c	309.1^c	1.407^a	133.4^c	3.1
SEM±	12.11	12.20	0.023	8.13	0.2
P value	0.0005	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.1

T1: infected + 0.1 g/kg Maxus; T2: infected +0.15 g/kg Sangrovit Extra; T3: infected + 0.25 g/kg Nor-Spice; T4: Infected +1.0 g/kg Varium. Mean values bearing different superscripts in the column differ significantly (p < .01). Each treatment consisted of five replicates.

^abcMeans in the column with different superscripts differ significantly (p < .01)

Table 3. The effects of treatments on villi height (L), width (W) and villi total area (TA) of control and Salmonella infected broiler.

Treatments	Villus height (µm)	Villus width (µm)	Total area (mm^2)
Negative control	439^c	76.7^a,b	0.100
Positive control	425^c	64.17^b,c	0.085
T1	544^b	73.9^a	0.124
T2	572^a,b	63.5^c	0.113
T3	474^c	63.2^c	0.952
T4	625^a	67.8^a,b,c	0.127
SEM±	54.9	2.89	0.010
P value	0.03	0.05	NS

NS: Not significant; SEM: Standard error of the mean; T1: infected + 0.1 g/kg Maxus; T2: infected +0.15 g/kg Sangrovit Extra; T3: infected + 0.25 g/kg Nor-Spice; Infected +1.0 g/kg Varium. Each treatment consisted of five replicates.

^abcMeans in the column with different superscripts differ significantly (p < .01)