Protective effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation against oxidative stress in diquat-challenged piglets

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) (%).

Ingredients	Content	Nutrient Levels	content
Corn	62.50	Digestible energy(MJ/kg)^2)	14.21
Soybean meal	20.50	CP (%)	19.62
whey powder	5.50	Ca (%)	0.75
Fish meal	4.50	Available P (%)	0.40
Soybean oil	1.30	Lys (%)	1.31
Sucrose	1.50	Met (%)	0.42
Limestone	0.60	Thr (%)	0.73
Choline chloride	0.10	Trp (%)	0.20
CaHPO4	1.20
Complex acidifying agent	0.30
L-Lysiine.HCl	0.40
DL-Methionine	0.16
L-Tryptophan	0.04
L-Threonine	0.10
NaCl	0.30
Vitamin–mineral premix^1^)	1.00
Total	100.00

^aProvided per kilogram of diet: VA 2700 U, VD₃300 U, VE 25 U, VK₃0.5 mg, VB₁10mg, VB₂20 mg, VB₁₂80 mg, folic acid 0.3 mg, nicotinic 22 mg, pantothenate14mg, biotin 0.05 mg, chorine 830 mg, Cu 5.6 mg, Fe 90 mg, Mn 5.2 mg, Zn 106 mg, Se 0.3 mg, I 0.2 mg

^bDigestible energy was calculated from data provide by Feed Database in China (2012), while the other nutrient levels were measured values．

¹C group: control (basal diet without diquat); NC group: control + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat.

CP: Crude protein.

Table 2. Effect of dietary resveratrol on growth performance of weaned piglets.

Items	C	NC	RES-10	RES-30	RES-90	SEM^1	p
1–14d
ADG^2 (g/d)	298.10	297.38	307.77	320.48	314.05	14.054	.433
ADFI^3 (g/d)	478.23	464.12	469.46	489.92	491.25	24.902	.860
F/G^4	1.60	1.56	1.53	1.53	1.56	0.032	.968
Faecal score^5	2.26	2.20	2.05	1.88	1.80	0.063	.052
15–21d
ADG (g/d)	431.43a	255.24c	291.53c	343.81b	357.14b	17.042	.001
ADFI (g/d)	725.64a	549.53c	601.50bc	641.67b	631.14b	24.855	.007
F/G	1.68b	2.15a	2.08a	1.88ab	1.77b	0.061	.021
Faecal score	2.42d	3.71a	3.10b	2.82bc	2.64 cd	0.127	.001

^abcmeans different letters within a row indicating a significant difference (p < .05) between them.

¹SEM, standard error of the mean (n = 6).

²ADG, average daily bodyweight gain. The data of ADG was were determined per replicate (pen).

³ADFI, average daily feed intake.

⁴F/G, the ratio of feed to gain.

⁵Fecal score = the total scores of diarrhoea piglets in each group/(experiment days × total number of piglets in each group).

C group: control (basal diet without diquat); NC group: control + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat.

Figure 1. Effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation and diquat challenge on levels of ACTH (A) and Cortisol (B) in piglets. ¹C group: basal diet without diquat; NC group: basal diet + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 6). ^a,b,cMeans values with different letters indicate significantly difference (p < .05).

Figure 2. Effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation and diquat challenge on levels of serum IgG(A), IgA(B) and IgM (C) in piglets. ¹C group: basal diet without diquat; NC group: basal diet + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 6). ^a,b,cMeans values with different letters indicate significantly difference (p < .05).

Figure 3. Effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation and diquat challenge on serum antioxidant enzymes activities and MDA content in piglets. ¹C group: basal diet without diquat; NC group: basal diet + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 6). ^a,b,cMeans values with different letters indicate significantly difference (p < .05).

Figure 4. Effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation and diquat challenge on serum content of cytokines in piglets. ¹C group: basal diet without diquat; NC group: basal diet + diquat; RES-10 group: basal diet +10 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-30 group: basal diet +30 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat; RES-90 group: basal diet +90 mg/kg resveratrol + diquat. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 6). ^a,b,cMeans values with different letters indicate significantly difference (p < .05). TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-2, interleukin-2; IL-4, interleukin-4.

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