Effects of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase enzymes in low-density corn–soybean meal based diets on growth performance and ileal nutrients digestibility of male broilers

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition and calculated nutrient composition of the basal diets^a (as fed basis, %).

Item	Starter (1–10 d)			Grower (11–24 d)			Finisher (24–42 d)
	PC	NC	LNC	PC	NC	LNC	PC	NC	LNC
Ingredient
Corn	53.31	55.95	57.19	52.11	55.11	57.05	61.08	64.09	66.04
Soybean meal, 44% CP	39.23	38.49	38.27	36.49	35.43	34.60	30.58	29.52	28.68
Soybean oil	2.91	1.45	0.44	5.33	3.81	2.67	4.53	3.01	1.87
Dicalcium phosphate	2.03	1.66	1.66	1.82	1.46	1.46	1.65	1.30	1.30
Calcium carbonate	0.98	0.92	0.92	0.89	0.83	0.83	0.82	0.75	0.75
Common salt	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.25
L-Lysine HCl, 78%	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.16	0.17	0.18
DL-Methionine, 98%	0.32	0.31	0.31	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.24	0.24	0.24
L-Threonine, 99%	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05
Vitamin premix^b	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Mineral premix^c	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Sodium bicarbonate	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.14
Celite	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Nutrient composition (calculated)
Metabolisable energy, kcal kg^−1	2900	2850	2800	3050	3000	2950	3150	3100	3050
Crude fibre, %	5.48	4.11	3.14	6.51	5.09	4.01	7.27	5.85	4.77
Ether extract, %	3.64	3.66	3.67	3.49	3.50	3.49	3.29	3.29	3.28
Crude protein, %	22.2	22.1	22.1	20.8	20.6	20.4	18.9	18.7	18.5
Dig. lysine, %	1.24	1.23	1.22	1.11	1.10	1.09	1.00	0.99	0.98
Dig. methionine, %	0.62	0.61	0.61	0.56	0.55	0.56	0.51	0.51	0.51
Dig. methionine + cystine, %	0.92	0.91	0.91	0.84	0.84	0.84	0.77	0.77	0.77
Dig. threonine, %	0.83	0.82	0.82	0.75	0.73	0.73	0.67	0.66	0.66
Calcium, %	0.93	0.83	0.83	0.84	0.74	0.74	0.77	0.67	0.67
Available phosphorus, %	0.48	0.41	0.41	0.44	0.37	0.37	0.40	0.33	0.33
Total phosphorus, %	0.75	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.63	0.63	0.65	0.59	0.59
Sodium, %	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.16	0.16	0.16
Potassium, %	0.91	0.90	0.90	0.85	0.84	0.83	0.77	0.76	0.75
Chloride, %	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
Nutrient composition (analysed)^d
Dry matter, %	88.54	88.65	88.49	88.45	88.62	88.58	88.58	88.53	88.51
Gross energy, kcal kg^−1	4293	4216	4153	4344	4282	4197	4392	4333	4221
Crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25), %	21.96	21.74	21.60	20.46	20.21	20.03	18.54	18.30	18.14

^aPC: positive control (a nutritionally adequate diet); NC: negative control (deficient in nutrients level according to phytase matrix provided by BASF, Germany); LNC: low negative control (deficient in nutrients level according to phytase and multi-non-starch polysaccharides enzyme matrix provided by BASF, Germany and Easy Bio Inc., South Korea). ^bVitamin premix provided the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A (trans-retinyl acetate), 10,000 U; vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol), 2000 U; vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate), 45 U; vitamin K₃ (bisulfate menadione complex), 3 mg; thiamine (thiamine mononitrate), 3 mg; riboflavin, 9 mg; nicotinic acid, 30 mg; pantothenic acid (D-calcium pantothenate), 10 mg; vitamin B₆, 4 mg; D-biotin, 0.1 mg; folic acid, 2 mg; vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), 0.02 mg and choline (choline chloride), 1000 mg. ^cMineral premix provided the following per kilogram of diet: iron (FeSO₄•7H₂O), 55 mg; iodine (Ca (IO₃)₂), 1.3 mg; manganese (MnSO₄•H₂O), 100 mg; zinc (ZnO), 85 mg; copper (CuSO₄•5H₂O), 13 mg; selenium (Na₂SeO₃), 0.2 mg. ^dThe analysed values represent the mean of duplicate samples per analysis.

Table 2. Effect of dietary nutrient reduction and phytase and multi-non-starch polysaccharides enzyme (multi-carbohydrase) supplementation on average body weight gain (BWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from 1 to 21 d and 22 to 42 d of age.

Item	1–21 d			22–42 d
	BWG, g/d	ADFI, g/d	FCR, g/g	BWG, g/d	ADFI, g/d	FCR, g/g
PC^1	38.400^a	54.100	1.410^c	83.300^ab	154.300	1.85^b
NC^2	33.800^bc	53.200	1.580^ab	77.800^bc	155.000	1.99^b
NC + phytase^3	35.400^abc	51.700	1.460^bc	83.200^ab	154.500	1.86^b
NC + multi-multi-carbohydrase^4	37.500^ab	54.600	1.450^bc	84.000^a	155.100	1.85^b
NC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	35.800^abc	50.800	1.420^c	84.100^a	155.400	1.85^b
LNC^5	32.200^c	54.500	1.690^a	73.500^c	159.700	2.18^a
LNC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	34.300^bc	52.000	1.520^bc	83.000^ab	154.400	1.86^b
SEM^6 (n = 4)	0.820	1.470	0.032	1.190	2.050	0.035
p-Value	.001	.426	.001	.001	.544	.001

^a–cMeans within a column with different superscripts are significantly different (p < .05).

¹Positive control; a nutritionally adequate diet. ²Negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ³Phytase; Natuphos; 10,000 BASF Corp., Germany; 500 phytase unit/kg diet. ⁴Endo-power; Easy Bio Inc., South Korea; The enzyme complex of multi-multi-carbohydrase contained 35 unit/g α-galactosidase activity, 110 unit/g galactomannanase activity, 1500 unit/g xylanase activity and 1100 unit/g β-glucanase activity; 0.01% multi-carbohydrase. ⁵Low negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase and multi-multi-carbohydrase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ⁶Standard error of mean.

Table 3. Effect of dietary nutrient reduction and phytase and multi-non-starch polysaccharides enzyme (multi-carbohydrase) supplementation on average body weight gain (BWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.

Item	BWG, g/d	ADFI, g/d	FCR, g/g	42 d-BW, g	Mortality, %	EPEF
PC^1	60.800^a	104	1.710^c	2596^a	0.750^b	288^a
NC^2	55.800^bc	104	1.870^b	2385^bc	2.250^ab	240^bc
NC + phytase^3	59.300^a	103	1.740^c	2534^a	1.000^b	277^ab
NC + multi-multi-carbohydrase ^4	60.700^a	105	1.730^c	2592^a	1.250^ab	286^ab
NC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	59.900^a	103	1.720^c	2557^a	1.000^b	275^ab
LNC^5	52.800^c	107	2.030^a	2261^c	2.750^a	209^c
LNC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	58.600^ab	103	1.760^bc	2504^ab	1.500^ab	271^ab
SEM^6 (n = 4)	0.760	1.460	0.026	31.780	0.378	9.960
p-Value	.001	.480	.001	.001	.010	.001

^a–cMeans within a column with different superscripts are significantly different (p < .05).

¹Positive control; a nutritionally adequate diet. ²Negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ³Phytase; Natuphos; 10,000 BASF Corp., Germany; 500 phytase unit/kg diet. ⁴Endo-power; Easy Bio Inc., South Korea; The enzyme complex of multi-multi-carbohydrase contained 35 unit/g α-galactosidase activity, 110 unit/g galactomannanase activity, 1500 unit/g xylanase activity and 1100 unit/g β-glucanase activity; 0.01% multi-carbohydrase. ⁵Low negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase and multi-multi-carbohydrase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ⁶Standard error of mean.

Table 4. Effect of dietary nutrient reduction and phytase and multi-non-starch polysaccharides enzyme (multi-carbohydrase) supplementation on nutrients digestibility of broilers at 21 d of age.

Item	Dry matter, %	Crude protein, %	AIDE, kcal/g
PC^2	70.300^ab	79.700^bc	3214^ab
NC^3	68.600^bc	79.000^c	3193^b
NC + phytase^4	72.000^a	81.400^ab	3220^ab
NC + multi-multi-carbohydrase^5	70.800^ab	79.900^bc	3235^ab
NC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	72.600^a	81.900^a	3248^a
LNC^6	65.800^c	77.000^d	3110^c
LNC + phytase + multi-multi-carbohydrase	70.200^ab	79.500^c	3242^a
SEM^7 (n = 4)	0.622	0.411	9.900
p-Value	.001	.001	.001

^a–dMeans within a column with different superscripts are significantly different (p < .05).

¹AIDE Apparent ileal digestible energy. ²Positive control; a nutritionally adequate diet. ³Negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ⁴Phytase; Natuphos; 10,000 BASF Corp., Germany; 500 phytase unit/kg diet. ⁵Endo-power; Easy Bio Inc., South Korea; The enzyme complex of multi-multi-carbohydrase contained 35 unit/g α-galactosidase activity, 110 unit/g galactomannanase activity, 1500 unit/g xylanase activity and 1100 unit/g β-glucanase activity; 0.01% multi-carbohydrase. ⁶Low negative control; deficient in nutrients level according to phytase and multi-multi-carbohydrase nutrient matrix values for amino acids, Ca, available P and AME. ⁷Standard error of mean.

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