Live performance, digestive tract features, and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers fed diets containing soy hulls

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredient and nutrient composition of experimental diets and soy hulls (g/kg, as-fed basis).

	Diets
Ingredients	Soy hulls level, g/kg
	0	20	40	60
Corn	473.20	473.20	473.20	473.20
Soybean meal (440 g/kg crude protein)	221.00	221.00	221.00	221.00
Fish meal (620 g/kg crude protein)	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00
Corn gluten meal (600 g/kg crude protein)	70.00	70.00	70.00	70.00
Sepiolite	60.00	40.00	20.00	0.00
Soy hulls	0.00	20.00	40.00	60.00
Vegetable oil	36.00	36.00	36.00	36.00
Limestone (380 g/kg Ca)	9.80	9.80	9.80	9.80
Dicalcium phosphate (220 g/kg Ca)	9.00	9.00	9.00	9.00
dl-Methionine	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
l-Lysine.HCl	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
Vitamin–mineral premix^a	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Salt	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
Cr2O3 premix^b	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Total	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Calculated composition, g/kg (as-is)
Crude protein	236	239	242	244
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3003	3000	3017	3035
Ca	9.65	9.76	9.87	9.98
P	6.74	6.77	6.81	6.84
Ca:P	1.43	1.44	1.45	1.46
aP, g/kg	4.90	4.91	4.92	4.93
Crude fibre	22.5	28.8	35.1	41.4
NDF	74.3	84.7	95.1	105.6
ADF	27.5	35.0	42.5	50.0
Total amino acids, g/kg
Arg	13.20	13.32	13.45	13.57
His	6.06	6.13	6.19	6.26
Ile	9.71	9.80	9.89	9.97
Leu	23.66	23.82	23.98	24.13
Lys	14.6	14.78	14.94	15.11
Met	7.66	7.68	7.71	7.74
Met + Cys	11.35	11.42	11.50	11.57
Phe	11.58	11.68	11.77	11.86
Phe + Tyr	20.98	21.17	21.37	21.56
Thr	8.96	9.05	9.14	9.23
Trp	2.77	2.79	2.81	2.83
Val	11.19	11.30	11.42	11.53
Analysed composition, g/kg (as-is)
Dry matter	894.73	910.5	901.58	909.47
Crude protein	243.25	248.85	251.49	251.95
Crude ash	118.92	101.01	87.96	65.87
Ether extract	44.28	53.09	59.01	66.63
P, g/kg	6.84	6.30	6.68	6.96
Soy hulls nutrient content, g/kg (as-is)
DM	903.25
Crude protein	110.67
Crude ash	41.67
Ether extract	13.83
P	1.60

^aSupplied the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 12,000 IU; vitamin D₃, 1,500 IU; vitamin E, 30 mg; vitamin K₃, 5 mg; vitamin B₁, 3 mg; vitamin B₂, 6 mg; vitamin B₆, 5 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.03 mg; niacin, 40 mg; calcium D-pantothenate, 10 mg; folic acid, 0.75 mg; D-Biotin, 0.075 mg; choline chloride, 375 mg; Mn, 80 mg; Fe, 40 mg; Zn, 60 mg; Cu, 5 mg; I, 0.4 mg; Co, 0.1 mg; Se, 0.15 mg; and antioxidant, 10 mg.

^bPrepared as 5 g of chromic oxide (Nanokar Kimyevi Maddeler San. Tic. Ltd. Sti, 34912 İstanbul, Turkey) mixed with 20 g of finely ground (0.5-mm screen) corn.

Table 2. Effect of dietary soy hulls inclusion on growth performance of broilers at 21 d.

Item	Day 0 BW (g)	Day 21 BW (g)	BWG (g)	Feed Intake (g)	G:F (g:kg)
Soy hulls (g/kg)
0	48.71	757.13	708.42	950.79	745.75
20	48.69	750.56	701.86	917.91	769.49
40	48.67	798.93	750.26	971.29	772.39
60	48.70	777.05	728.36	959.43	762.74
SEM	0.860	23.047	23.063	32.861	30.258
Linear	0.831	0.149	0.149	0.452	0.578
Quadratic	0.752	0.642	0.642	0.655	0.442

n = 8. BW: body weight; BWG: body weight gain; G:F: gain and feed ratio; SEM: Standard error of the mean.

Table 3. Gizzard pH and absolute digestive organ weights (g) of broiler chickens on d 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	Gizzard pH	Gizzard	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Total small intestine
0	2.49	19.75	8.22	15.35	10.87	34.44
20	2.46	19.78	8.45	15.26	10.64	34.35
40	2.42	20.48	8.50	15.63	10.82	34.95
60	2.50	21.26	8.16	15.34	11.03	34.53
SEM	0.130	0.507	0.457	0.743	0.580	1.540
Linear	0.998	0.003	0.934	0.890	0.720	0.859
Quadratic	0.577	0.304	0.382	0.852	0.607	0.875

n = 8. SEM: standard error of the mean.

Table 4. Relative digestive organ weights (g/100 g body weight) of broiler chickens on d 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	Gizzard	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Total small intestine
0	2.61	1.09	2.04	1.45	4.58
20	2.64	1.13	2.03	1.42	4.57
40	2.57	1.07	1.96	1.36	4.38
60	2.74	1.05	1.98	1.42	4.45
SEM	0.063	0.065	0.099	0.082	0.218
Linear	0.119	0.395	0.425	0.561	0.404
Quadratic	0.099	0.588	0.855	0.427	0.822

n = 8. SEM: standard error of the mean.

Table 5. Absolute digestive organ lengths (cm) of broiler chickens on d 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Total small intestine
0	27.72	68.39	57.65	153.76
20	26.97	68.09	59.19	154.25
40	28.31	68.86	68.51	155.67
60	28.35	67.48	59.17	155.00
SEM	0.770	1.555	2.084	3.938
Linear	0.197	0.693	0.563	0.684
Quadratic	0.472	0.626	0.769	0.836

n = 8. SEM: standard error of the mean.

Table 6. Relative digestive organ lengths (cm/kg body weight) of broiler chickens on day 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Total small intestine
0	36.81	90.88	76.84	204.53
20	35.97	90.80	78.79	205.56
40	35.50	86.38	73.42	195.30
60	36.55	87.04	76.35	199.94
SEM	1.314	3.083	3.596	7.579
Linear	0.769	0.113	0.553	0.325
Quadratic	0.318	0.867	0.849	0.739

n = 8. SEM: standard error of the mean.

Table 7. Digestive organ unit weight (g/cm) of broiler chickens on day 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Total small intestine
0	0.296	0.225	0.188	0.224
20	0.313	0.224	0.180	0.223
40	0.300	0.227	0.185	0.224
60	0.288	0.227	0.186	0.222
SEM	0.0116	0.0095	0.0055	0.0062
Linear	0.292	0.728	0.911	0.897
Quadratic	0.090	0.988	0.243	0.916

n = 8. SEM: standard error of the mean.

Table 8. Apparent ileal dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) digestibility (%) of experimental diets on day 21.

Soy hulls (g/kg)	DM Digestibility	N Digestibility	P Digestibility
0	76.85	82.83	61.73
20	81.07	85.12	70.25
40	87.12	89.94	78.88
60	85.28	84.00	77.07
SEM	2.903	4.504	5.180
Linear	0.002	0.56	0.002
Quadratic	0.151	0.21	0.17

n = 8.

SEM: Standard error of the mean.