Beneficial effects of substituting soybean meal for white lupin (Lupinus albus, cv. Zulika) meal on the biochemical blood parameters of laying hens

Figures & data

Table 1. Nutrient composition of the feed mixtures (as fed basis).

		N1 starter			N1			N2
		C	WLS 50%	WDLS 50%	C	WLS 50%	WDLS 50%	C	WLS 50%	WDLS 50%
Dry matter	g kg^−1	891.70	888.40	888.90	886.90	887.90	887.90	886.90	887.90	887.90
Crude protein	g kg^−1	161.00	149.00	129.00	139.00	137.00	130.40	139.00	137.00	130.40
Crude fat	g kg^−1	30.50	44.90	39.70	19.10	28.60	29.40	19.10	28.60	29.40
Crude ash	g kg^−1	126.00	110.00	115.00	105.00	98.30	109.00	105.00	98.30	109.00
Crude fibre	g kg^−1	25.80	34.70	24.10	29.20	31.40	31.00	29.20	31.40	31.00
Sugar	g kg^−1	29.60	31.10	23.20	33.00	42.40	33.40	33.00	42.40	33.40
Starch	g kg^−1	438.00	432.00	475.00	486.00	470.00	470.00	486.00	470.00	470.00
Ca	g kg^−1	40.20	34.00	35.70	33.40	29.70	32.40	33.40	29.70	32.40
P	g kg^−1	3.90	3.85	4.00	3.90	3.80	4.15	3.90	3.80	4.15
Mg	g kg^−1	1.48	1.36	1.37	2.02	1.72	1.94	2.02	1.72	1.94
Lysine	g kg^−1	8.31	6.46	4.75	6.64	6.37	5.00	6.64	6.37	5.00
Threonine	g kg^−1	6.33	5.25	4.00	4.64	4.76	3.70	4.64	4.76	3.70
Methionine	g kg^−1	3.70	3.62	3.49	2.46	2.21	3.06	2.46	2.21	3.06
Arginine	g kg^−1	10.50	9.15	7.17	7.63	8.41	6.53	7.63	8.41	6.53
Linoleic acid	g kg^−1	12.60	16.21	12.76	8.53	9.74	11.26	8.53	9.74	11.26
α-Linolenic acid	g kg^−1	1.14	2.20	1.85	0.66	1.39	1.44	0.66	1.39	1.44
Cu	mg kg^−1	8.65	8.85	8.45	7.70	6.50	12.10	7.70	6.50	12.10
Zn	mg kg^−1	87.40	82.20	102.00	80.70	89.70	86.40	80.70	89.70	86.40
Fe	mg kg^−1	147.30	150.00	147.70	244.00	190.60	185.60	244.00	190.60	185.60
Mn	mg kg^−1	103.30	133.80	126.00	90.40	112.00	169.00	90.40	112.00	169.00

N1 start, N1, N2: type of feed mixtures; C: control diet; WLS: whole lupin seeds; WDLS: whole dehulled lupin seeds; WLS: whole lupin seeds; WDLS: whole dehulled lupin seeds. WLS and WDLS = experimental diets with substitution of 50% of soybean meal for lupin seed meal.

Table 2. Concentration of organic substances in the blood plasma (n = 20).

Parameter	C	WLS	WDLS
Total protein, g L^−1	62.21 ± 3.64^a	58.35 ± 5.82^b	55.49 ± 5.26^b
Glucose, mmol L^−1	10.01 ± 2.15^b	12.30 ± 1.33^a	12.06 ± 1.75^a
Cholesterol, mmol L^−1	7.73 ± 1.90^a	5.85 ± 2.21^b	5.63 ± 1.44^b
Triacylglycerides, mmol L^−1	32.09 ± 10,81^a	24.59 ± 11.35^b	20.96 ± 9.90^b
UAC, µmol L^−1	307.90 ± 135.00	242.65 ± 58.73	234.90 ± 92.11

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscript letters differ significantly (p ≤ .05)

C: control diet; WLS: whole lupin seeds; WDLS: whole dehulled lupin seeds); UAC: uric acid. WLS and WDLS = experimental diets with substitution of 50% of soybean meal for lupin seed meal.

Table 3. Concentration of inorganic substances in the blood plasma (n = 20).

Parameter	C	WLS	WDLS
Calcium, mmol L^−1	7.81 ± 0.66^a	7.60 ± 0.94^b	7.02 ± 1.33^b
Phosphate, mmol L^−1	1.99 ± 0.23	1.84 ± 0.33	1.76 ± 0.51
Magnesium, mmol L^−1	1.50 ± 0.17	1.44 ± 0,14	1.39 ± 0.24
Sodium, mmol L^−1	144.82 ± 4.60	146.44 ± 4.51	147.50 ± 6.14
Potassium, mmol L^−1	3.64 ± 0,30	3.70 ± 0.33	3.58 ± 0.49
Chlorine, mmol L^−1	112.09 ± 3.41	114.75 ± 4.33	115.32 ± 5.62

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscript letters differ significantly (p ≤ .05).

C: control diet; WLS: whole lupin seeds; WDLS: whole dehulled lupin seeds. WLS and WDLS = experimental diets with substitution of 50% of soybean meal for lupin seed meal.

Table 4. Activity of blood plasma enzymes (n = 20).

Parameter	C	WLS	WDLS
Alkaline phosphatase, µkat L^−1	2.71 ± 1.20^b	4.94 ± 4.62^a	6.48 ± 6,05^a
Alanine aminotransferase, µkat L^−1	3.43 ± 0.98	3.59 ± 1.67	3.27 ± 0,87

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscript letters differ significantly (p ≤ .05).

C: control diet; WLS: whole lupin seeds; WDLS: whole dehulled lupin seeds. WLS and WDLS = experimental diets with substitution of 50% of soybean meal for lupin seed meal.