Dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation improved the reproduction, the haematology, and some circulating biochemical’s of cyclic East-Bulgarian and Arabian mares

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean values of hematological and biochemical parameters of 10 experimental mares (n = 4 Purebred Arabian breed (PAB) + 6 East-Bulgarian horse breed (EBB)) and the 10 (n = 4 PAB+ 6 EBB) control mares.

Parameters	Day 0		Day 7		Day 120
	Treated	Control	Treated	Control	Treated	Control
RBCs, m/mm^3	8.06 ± 0.19	8.03 ± 0.20	7.72 ± 0.21	7.79 ± 0.22	8.06 ± 0.48	7.24 ± 0.53
Hb, g/L	11.76 ± 0.68	10.93 ± 0.72	9.61 ± 0.32	9.73 ± 0.33	10.44 ± 0.57	9.02 ± 0.63
THR, m/mm^3	210.9 ± 49.89	324.0 ± 52.59	458.9 ± 132.31	629.5 ± 139.5	273.1 ± 45.32	410.9 ± 50.67
WBCs, 1000/µL	7.75 ± 0.84	10.04 ± 0.89	6.96 ± 1.43	10.34 ± 1.50	7.05 ± 0.68	6.99 ± 0.76
Lym %	37.48 ± 3.00	28.46 ± 3.16	43.99 ± 2.74	42.33 ± 2.89	42.92 ± 5.81	50.86 ± 6.50
Gran %	57.88 ± 5.80	59.40 ± 6.12	51.16 ± 2.95	52.99 ± 3.11	53.60 ± 5.94	43.79 ± 6.64
Mono %	4.52 ± 0.39	3.25 ± 0.41	4.89 ± 0.67	4.62 ± 0.71	3.17 ± 0.33	3.70 ± 0.37
MCV, fl	44.38 ± 1.31	44.64 ± 1.39	46.59 ± 0.76	47.29 ± 0.80	48.27 ± 1.06	44.92 ± 1.19
Hct %	35.70 ± 2.28	33.71 ± 2.40	35.97 ± 1.24	36.75 ± 1.31	39.20 ± 2.00	34.65 ± 2.24
MCH, pg	12.02 ± 0.19	12.63 ± 0.20	12.33 ± 0.19	12.38 ± 0.21	12.62 ± 0.35	11.66 ± 0.39
MCHC, g/dL	27.28 ± 0.32	27.51 ± 0.33	26.66 ± 0.29	26.44 ± 0.31	26.12 ± 0.71	26.09 ± 0.80
MPV, fl	7.81 ± 0.27	7.83 ± 0.28	7.68 ± 0.12	7.89 ± 0.13	7.21 ± 0.18	7.48 ± 0.20
RDW %	19.25 ± 1.41	15.61 ± 1.49	14.24 ± 0.27	14.21 ± 0.29	13.40 ± 0.43	13.41 ± 0.49
PDW %	8.77 ± 0.46	9.60 ± 0.48	9.78 ± 0.34	10.41 ± 0.36	8.83 ± 0.49	9.66 ± 0.55
ALT U/L	56.73 ± 16.44	90.63 ± 17.32	42.88 ± 8.59	38.00 ± 9.05	59.00 ± 8.23	40.00 ± 9.21
LDH U/L	1302 ± 117.3	1598 ± 123.65	1183 ± 105.9	1233 ± 111.6	1117 ± 89.62	1292 ± 100.2
Creatinine, µmol/L	248.2 ± 61.66	352.9 ± 65.00	131.1 ± 6.88	134.6 ± 7.25	116.1 ± 6.08	124.3 ± 6.80
Bilirubin, µmol/L	82.30 ± 15.85	63.69 ± 16.71	38.76 ± 9.78	29.99 ± 10.31	37.01 ± 8.44	28.75 ± 9.44
Calcium, mmol/L	1.88 ± 0.65	2.48 ± 0.69	0.92 ± 0.16	0.83 ± 0.17	0.79 ± 0.18	1.18 ± 0.20
Phosphorus, mmol/L	5.94 ± 0.81	6.75 ± 0.85	2.66 ± 0.37	2.68 ± 0.39	3.08 ± 0.42	3.30 ± 0.47

RBCs: Red blood cells; Hb: haemoglobin; THR: platelets; WBCs: white blood cells; Lym: lymphocytes; Gran: granulocytes; Mono: monocytes; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; Hct: haematocrit; MCH: mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MPV: mean platelet volume; RDW: red cell distribution width; PDW: platelet distribution width; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 2. Influence of the nutritional supplement on the haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood in mares from Purebred Arabian breed (PAB) and East-Bulgarian horse breed (EBB) (F-criterion and degree of reliability).

Parameters	Day 0		Day 7		Day 120
	Group	Breed in the group	Group	Breed in the group	Group	Breed in the group
df	1	2	1	2	1	2
RBCs, m/mm^3	0.020 (0.889)	3.058 (0.049)	0.049 (0.828)	1.338 (0.296)	1.322 (0.277)	0.450 (0.650)
Hb, g/L	0.702 (0.417)	6.501 (0.011)	0.059 (0.811)	0.943 (0.414)	2.787 (0.126)	0.364 (0.704)
THR, m/mm^3	2.431 (0.143)	1.102 (0.361)	0.787 (0.391)	1.668 (0.227)	4.110 (0.040)	0.411 (0.674)
WBCs, 1000/µL	3.498 (0.048)	2.341 (0.135)	2.643 (0.128)	0.697 (0.516)	0.004 (0.953)	0.449 (0.651)
Lym %	4.277 (0.042)	0.320 (0.732)	0.174 (0.683)	1.160 (0.344)	0.829 (0.384)	1.012 (0.398)
Gran %	0.033 (0.859)	0.474 (0.633)	0.182 (0.677)	0.616 (0.555)	1.213 (0.296)	0.671 (0.533)
Mono %	5.066 (0.034)	0.904 (0.429)	0.082 (0.780)	1.005 (0.393)	1.159 (0.307)	0.126 (0.883)
MCV, fl	0.018 (0.896)	0.021 (0.979)	0.393 (0.542)	1.343 (0.295)	4.419 (0.044)	0.074 (0.929)
Hct %	0.359 (0.560)	0.849 (0.450)	0.189 (0.671)	0.558 (0.586)	2.293 (0.161)	0.078 (0.925)
MCH, pg	4.814 (0.045)	0.680 (0.524)	0.028 (0.869)	1.352 (0.293)	3.483 (0.050)	0.673 (0.532)
MCHC, g/dL	0.259 (0.619)	4.937 (0.039)	0.267 (0.614)	0.374 (0.695)	0.001 (0.975)	0.076 (0.928)
MPV, fl	0.001 (0.978)	0.211 (0.812)	1.423 (0.254)	0.250 (0.783)	0.934 (0.357)	0.078 (0.926)
RDW %	3.157 (0.050)	6.504 (0.011)	0.005 (0.943)	0.032 (0.969)	0.000 (0.994)	0.959 (0.416)
PDW %	1.540 (0.237)	2.881 (0.050)	1.628 (0.224)	0.225 (0.802)	1.254 (0.289)	1.403 (0.290)
ALT U/L	2.015 (0.179)	2.155 (0.155)	0.153 (0.702)	0.972 (0.404)	2.366 (0.155)	0.529 (0.605)
LDH U/L	3.012 (0.106)	8.941 (0.004)	0.106 (0.749)	2.746 (0.101)	1.684 (0.224)	4.421 (0.042)
Creatinine, µmol/L	1.364 (0.264)	2.461 (0.124)	0.125 (0.729)	2.766 (0.100)	0.813 (0.389)	3.037 (0.045)
Bilirubin, µmol/L	0.652 (0.434)	1.438 (0.273)	0.381 (0.548)	0.107 (0.899)	0.426 (0.529)	0.140 (0.871)
Calcium, mmol/L	0.393 (0.542)	2.061 (0.167)	0.132 (0.722)	2.204 (0.150)	2.008 (0.187)	2.460 (0.135)
Phosphorus, mmol/L	0.475 (0.503)	0.063 (0.939)	0.003 (0.961)	1.066 (0.373)	0.119 (0.737)	2.475 (0.134)

RBCs: Red blood cells; Hb: haemoglobin; THR: platelets; WBCs: white blood cells; Lym: lymphocytes; Gran: granulocytes; Mono: monocytes; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; Hct: haematocrit; MCH: mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MPV: mean platelet volume; RDW: red cell distribution width; PDW: platelet distribution width; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 3. Mean values of hematological and biochemical parameters of Purebred Arabian breed (PAB) mares from the experimental (n = 4) and control groups (n = 4).

Parameters	Day 0		Day 7		Day 120
	Treated	Control	Treated	Control	Treated	Control
RBCs, m/mm^3	8.53 ± 0.29	8.14 ± 0.29	7.93 ± 0.31	8.07 ± 0.31	8.51 ± 0.76	7.27 ± 0.76
Hb, g/L	14.15 ± 1.02	10.33 ± 1.02	10.03 ± 0.47	9.88 ± 0.47	10.92 ± 0.90	9.10 ± 0.90
THR, m/mm^3	241.8 ± 74.37	395.0 ± 74.37	359.8 ± 197.2	861.8 ± 197.2	239.7 ± 71.66	437.8 ± 71.66
WBCs, 1000/µL	8.24 ± 1.25	8.19 ± 1.25	6.97 ± 2.13	12.11 ± 2.13	7.11 ± 1.08	7.71 ± 1.08
Lym %	38.80 ± 4.47	30.58 ± 4.47	44.78 ± 4.09	46.65 ± 4.09	40.51 ± 9.19	42.01 ± 9.19
Gran %	56.48 ± 8.65	65.18 ± 8.65	50.90 ± 4.40	49.55 ± 4.40	56.14 ± 9.39	50.94 ± 9.39
Mono %	4.83 ± 0.58	2.80 ± 0.58	4.33 ± 1.01	3.80 ± 1.01	3.00 ± 0.52	3.72 ± 0.52
MCV, fl	44.13 ± 1.96	44.73 ± 1.96	47.03 ± 1.14	46.05 ± 1.14	48.26 ± 1.68	45.38 ± 1.68
Hct %	37.48 ± 3.40	36.23 ± 3.40	37.25 ± 1.85	37.03 ± 1.85	39.89 ± 3.16	35.07 ± 3.16
MCH, pg	11.80 ± 0.28	12.65 ± 0.28	12.48 ± 0.29	12.08 ± 0.29	12.74 ± 0.55	11.23 ± 0.55
MCHC, g/dL	26.88 ± 0.47	28.48 ± 0.47	26.88 ± 0.44	26.58 ± 0.44	26.23 ± 1.13	25.80 ± 1.13
MPV, fl	7.99 ± 0.40	7.80 ± 0.40	7.65 ± 0.18	7.80 ± 0.18	7.26 ± 0.29	7.54 ± 0.29
RDW %	24.20 ± 2.10	14.40 ± 2.10	14.30 ± 0.41	14.25 ± 0.41	13.38 ± 0.69	14.08 ± 0.69
PDW %	8.93 ± 0.68	10.75 ± 0.68	9.93 ± 0.51	10.23 ± 0.51	9.57 ± 0.78	10.06 ± 0.78
ALT U/L	83.25 ± 24.50	68.00 ± 24.50	48.75 ± 12.81	27.00 ± 12.81	66.00 ± 13.02	34.67 ± 13.02
LDH U/L	971.3 ± 174.9	1208 ± 174.9	950.5 ± 157.8	1143 ± 157.8	1296 ± 141.7	1514 ± 141.7
Creatinine, µmol/L	303.4 ± 91.92	220.9 ± 91.92	140.7 ± 10.26	120.9 ± 10.26	106.9 ± 9.61	137.6 ± 9.61
Bilirubin, µmol/L	55.55 ± 23.63	66.55 ± 23.63	43.28 ± 14.58	29.65 ± 14.58	33.00 ± 13.35	30.97 ± 13.35
Calcium, mmol/L	1.32 ± 0.98	1.21 ± 0.9	0.62 ± 0.24	0.99 ± 0.24	0.91 ± 0.29	1.61 ± 0.29
Phosphorus, mmol/L	5.84 ± 1.21	6.47 ± 1.21	2.16 ± 0.56	2.44 ± 0.56	3.73 ± 0.66	4.04 ± 0.66

RBCs: Red blood cells; Hb: haemoglobin; THR: platelets; WBCs: white blood cells; Lym: lymphocytes; Gran: granulocytes; Mono: monocytes; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; Hct: haematocrit; MCH: mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MPV: mean platelet volume; RDW: red cell distribution width; PDW: platelet distribution width; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 4. Mean values of hematological and biochemical parameters of East-Bulgarian horse breed (EBB) mares from the experimental (n = 6) and control groups (n = 6).

Parameters	Day 0		Day 7		Day 120
	Treated	Control	Treated	Control	Treated	Control
RBCs, m/mm^3	7.60 ± 0.26	7.91 ± 0.29	7.52 ± 0.27	7.51 ± 0.31	7.61 ± 0.59	7.21 ± 0.76
Hb, g/L	9.36 ± 0.91	11.53 ± 1.02	9.20 ± 0.42	9.57 ± 0.47	9.96 ± 0.70	8.93 ± 0.90
THR, m/mm^3	180.2 ± 66.52	253.0 ± 74.37	558.2 ± 176.4	397.3 ± 197.2	306.4 ± 55.51	384.0 ± 71.66
WBCs,1000/µL	7.27 ± 1.12	11.89 ± 1.25	6.96 ± 1.90	8.56 ± 2.13	6.99 ± 0.84	6.27 ± 1.08
Lym %	36.16 ± 4.00	26.35 ± 4.47	43.20 ± 3.66	38.00 ± 4.09	45.33 ± 7.12	59.70 ± 9.19
Gran %	59.28 ± 7.74	53.63 ± 8.65	51.42 ± 3.93	56.43 ± 4.40	51.06 ± 7.28	36.63 ± 9.39
Mono %	4.22 ± 0.52	3.70 ± 0.58	5.46 ± 0.90	5.43 ± 1.01	3.33 ± 0.41	3.68 ± 0.52
MCV, fl	44.64 ± 1.75	44.55 ± 1.96	46.16 ± 1.02	48.53 ± 1.14	48.29 ± 1.30	44.47 ± 1.68
Hct %	33.92 ± 3.04	31.20 ± 3.40	34.68 ± 1.66	36.48 ± 1.85	38.50 ± 2.45	34.23 ± 3.16
MCH, pg	12.24 ± 0.25	12.60 ± 0.28	12.18 ± 0.26	12.68 ± 0.29	12.50 ± 0.42	12.08 ± 0.55
MCHC, g/dL	27.68 ± 0.42	26.55 ± 0.47	26.44 ± 0.39	26.30 ± 0.44	26.02 ± 0.87	26.37 ± 1.13
MPV, fl	7.64 ± 0.36	7.85 ± 0.40	7.70 ± 0.16	7.98 ± 0.18	7.17 ± 0.22	7.41 ± 0.29
RDW %	14.30 ± 1.88	16.83 ± 2.10	14.18 ± 0.36	14.18 ± 0.41	13.42 ± 0.53	12.73 ± 0.69
PDW %	8.62 ± 0.61	8.45 ± 0.68	9.64 ± 0.45	10.60 ± 0.51	8.09 ± 0.60	9.25 ± 0.78
ALT U/L	30.20 ± 21.91	113.25 ± 24.50	37.00 ± 11.45	49.00 ± 12.81	52.00 ± 10.08	45.33 ± 13.02
LDH U/L	1633 ± 156.4	1987 ± 174.9	1416 ± 141.1	1323 ± 157.8	939.8 ± 109.7	1070 ± 141.7
Creatinine, µmol/L	193.0 ± 82.22	484.8 ± 91.92	121.5 ± 9.17	148.4 ± 10.26	125.3 ± 7.45	111.1 ± 9.61
Bilirubin, µmol/L	109.0 ± 21.14	60.83 ± 23.63	34.24 ± 13.04	30.33 ± 14.58	41.02 ± 10.34	26.53 ± 13.35
Calcium, mmol/L	2.44 ± 0.87	3.75 ± 0.98	1.22 ± 0.21	0.68 ± 0.24	0.67 ± 0.22	0.75 ± 0.29
Phosphorus, mmol/L	6.04 ± 1.08	7.03 ± 1.21	3.15 ± 0.50	2.93 ± 0.56	2.43 ± 0.51	2.55 ± 0.66

RBCs: Red blood cells; Hb: haemoglobin; THR: platelets; WBCs: white blood cells; Lym: lymphocytes; Gran: granulocytes; Mono: monocytes; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; Hct: haematocrit; MCH: mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; MPV: mean platelet volume; RDW: red cell distribution width; PDW: platelet distribution width; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 5. Influence of the nutritional supplement on the reliability of the differences between the experimental and control group, and the breed within the group, the duration of oestrus, sexual cycle and the size of the Graafian follicle in mares (F-criterion and degree of reliability).

Sign		Oestrous	Sexual cycle	Size of the follicle
Model	Factor	F–criterion and degree of reliability
	Purebred Arabian breed
Model 2	Group	0.118 (0.734)	0.053 (0.827)	0.063 (0.805)
	Eastbulgarian breed
Model 2	Group	14.55 (0.001)	1.731 (0.236)	0.264 (0.614)
	Multivariate linear model
Мodel 3	Group	0.254 (0.630)	0.285 (0.610)	0.022 (0.886)
	Breed	3.243 (0.115)	0.011 (0.918)	4.591 (0.043)
	Group withinBreed	7.104 (0.032)	0.285 (0.610)	0.022 (0.886)

Table 6. Mean values of oestrus duration, sexual cycle and Graafian follicle size in mares of the Purebred Arabian breed (PAB) and East-Bulgarian horse breed (EBB), distributed in groups depending on the diet.

Breeds	Duration of oestrus, days		Sexual cycle, days		Size of Graafian follicle, mm SE
	Treated	Control	Treated	Control	Treated	Control
Purebred Arabian	4.08 ± 0.30	3.94 ± 0.27	20.20 ± 2.13	21.00 ± 2.46	35.38 ± 1.41	34.89 ± 1.35
Eastbulgarian	3.63 ± 0.38	5.50 ± 0.31	20.00 ± 1.20	22.00 ± 0.93	38.25 ± 1.90	36.94 ± 1.70