Efficacy of lysophospholipids on growth performance, carcase, intestinal morphology, microbial population and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed different dietary oil sources

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of basal diets (as-fed basis).

Item	Starter	Grower	Finisher
	d 1–10	d 11–24	d 25–35
Ingredient (g/kg unless stated otherwise)
Corn grain	543.9	575.3	620.8
Soybean meal (450 g CP/kg)	389.5	353.1	300.3
Soybean oil	20.0	30.0	40.0
Oyster shell	11.9	11.1	10.3
Dicalcium phosphate	17.7	15.3	14.2
Common salt	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sodium bicarbonate	2.2	2.0	1.5
Vitamin premix^a	2.5	2.5	2.5
Mineral premix^b	2.5	2.5	2.5
DL-Methionine	2.7	2.3	2.1
L-Lysine-HCl	3.7	2.9	2.8
L-Threonine	0.4	0.08	0.02
Calculated nutrient content
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)	12.46	12.88	13.30
Crude protein	227.0	214.0	194.0
Calcium	9.5	8.6	7.0
Available Phosphorous	4.8	4.3	4.0
Sodium	2.3	2.2	2.0
Lysine	14.3	12.8	11.5
Methionine	5.6	5.1	4.7
Methionine + Cysteine	0.97	0.85	0.80
Threonine	9.6	8.7	7.8
Dry matter	897.5	893.2	889.7

^aProvides per kilogram of diet: 9000 IU vitamin A; 2000 IU vitamin D₃; 18 IU vitamin E; 2 mg menadion; 1.8 mg thiamine; 6.6 mg riboflavin; 30 mg niacin; 3 mg pyridoxine; 15 µg vitamin B₁₂; 100 mg D-pantothenic acid; 1 mg folic acid; 0.1 mg biotin; 500 mg choline chloride; and 100 mg antioxidant.

^bProvides per kilogram of diet: 100 mg Mn; 84.7 mg Zn; 50 mg Fe; 10 mg Cu; 1 mg I; and 0.2 mg Se.

CP: crude protein.

Table 2. Effects of treatments on feed intake, live weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens.

		Live weight gain (g/d)				Feed intake (g/d)				FCR (g/g)
Oil source (%)	LPL (%)	1–10	11–24	25–35	1–35	1–10	11–24	25–35	1–35	1–10	11–24	25–35	1–35
Soybean	0	25.77	42.44	58.34	42.19	35.53	70.05	128.41	78.00	1.37^ab	1.66	2.20	1.84
Soybean	0.1	26.03	46.51	63.85	45.46	38.17	77.23	127.29	80.88	1.47^a	1.67	1.99	1.78
Flaxseed	0	23.93	44.86	63.51	44.10	35.03	70.28	131.72	79.01	1.46^a	1.59	2.08	1.79
Flaxseed	0.1	26.39	47.46	61.74	45.20	32.92	74.35	127.30	78.20	1.24^c	1.57	2.08	1.73
Sesame	0	27.84	42.34	66.68	45.62	33.72	76.64	130.14	80.17	1.21^c	1.81	1.96	1.76
Sesame	0.1	28.54	48.97	70.21	49.24	36.50	74.91	125.62	79.01	1.28^bc	1.53	1.79	1.60
SEM		0.75	2.41	2.52	1.12	1.51	3.42	3.98	2.16	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.05
Main effects
Soybean		25.90^b	44.47	61.10^b	43.82^b	36.85	73.64	127.84	79.45	1.42	1.66	2.10^a	1.81^a
Flaxseed		25.16^b	46.16	62.63^ab	44.65^ab	33.97	72.32	129.52	78.60	1.35	1.58	2.08^a	1.76^ab
Sesame		28.19^a	45.65	68.45^a	47.43^a	35.16	75.78	127.88	79.59	1.25	1.67	1.88^b	1.68^b
SEM		0.53	1.70	1.78	0.79	1.06	2.41	2.80	1.52	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.03
	0	25.85	43.21	62.84	43.97	34.76	72.32	130.09	79.06	1.35	1.69	2.08	1.79
	0.1	26.98	47.64	65.27	46.63	35.86	75.50	126.73	79.37	1.33	1.59	1.94	1.70
SEM		0.43	1.39	1.45	0.64	0.87	1.97	2.28	1.24	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02
P-value
Oil source		0.001	0.773	0.010	0.009	0.185	0.574	0.891	0.887	0.012	0.421	0.010	0.034
LPL		0.072	0.032	0.254	0.007	0.386	0.248	0.312	0.872	0.725	0.096	0.053	0.031
Oil source × LPL		0.320	0.709	0.342	0.480	0.203	0.390	0.886	0.561	0.022	0.074	0.363	0.534

Means within the same column with no common superscripts differ significantly (p < .05).

LPL: Lysophospholipids (0 or 0.1% Lipidol); SEM: standard error of the means

Table 3. Effects of treatments on carcase characteristics and internal organs of broiler chickens (g/100g body weight of bird).

Oil source (%)	LPL	Item
		Carcase	Breast	Thigh	Liver	Pancreas	Heart
Soybean	0	58.22	20.48	17.73	2.62	0.29	0.57
Soybean	0.1	59.03	20.75	18.27	2.36	0.28	0.52
Flaxseed	0	58.35	20.67	17.67	2.54	0.30	0.53
Flaxseed	0.1	58.55	20.25	18.30	2.50	0.30	0.50
Sesame	0	56.43	18.98	17.45	2.34	0.34	0.51
Sesame	0.1	58.66	20.36	18.29	2.32	0.27	0.51
SEM		1.25	0.70	0.71	0.18	0.035	0.03
Main effects
Soybean		58.62	20.62	18.00	2.49	0.28	0.54
Flaxseed		58.45	20.46	17.98	2.53	0.30	0.51
Sesame		57.55	19.67	17.87	2.33	0.30	0.51
SEM		0.88	0.49	0.50	0.12	0.024	0.02
	0	57.67	20.04	17.62	2.51	0.31	0.53
	0.1	58.75	20.45	18.29	2.40	0.28	0.51
SEM		0.72	0.40	0.41	0.10	0.020	0.01
P-value
Oil source		0.66	0.46	0.97	0.45	0.84	0.43
LPL		0.30	0.47	0.21	0.44	0.32	0.27
Oil source × LPL		0.71	0.44	0.96	0.73	0.51	0.72

LPL: Lysophospholipids (0 or 0.1% Lipidol); SEM: standard error of the means.

Table 4. Effects of the dietary treatments on proventriculus and gizzard weights (g/100 g body weight of bird) and the length (cm) of different parts of intestine in broiler chickens.

Oil source (%)	LPL	Item
		Proventriculus	Gizzard	Duodenum	Jejunum	Ileum	Ceca
Soybean	0	0.43	2.00	28.59	72.60	75.01	16.21
Soybean	0.1	0.41	2.07	30.00	71.79	76.19	15.02
Flaxseed	0	0.41	2.17	31.01	76.00	78.40	17.60
Flaxseed	0.1	0.40	2.03	30.81	80.41	76.60	18.19
Sesame	0	0.38	2.21	31.00	74.01	73.42	17.22
Sesame	0.1	0.36	2.16	31.79	76.80	69.58	17.00
SEM		0.038	0.16	1.75	3.18	4.61	1.10
Main effects
Soybean		0.42	2.03	29.30	72.20	75.60	15.60
Flaxseed		0.40	2.10	30.90	78.20	77.50	17.90
Sesame		0.37	2.18	31.40	75.40	71.50	17.10
SEM		0.026	0.11	1.23	2.25	3.25	0.77
	0	0.41	2.13	30.20	74.20	75.60	17.00
	0.1	0.39	2.08	30.86	76.33	74.13	16.73
SEM		0.021	0.09	1.01	1.84	2.66	0.63
p-Value
Oil source		0.34	0.58	0.39	0.13	0.34	0.07
LPL		0.58	0.72	0.60	0.36	0.66	0.74
Oil source × LPL		0.97	0.75	0.87	0.65	0.83	0.66

Means within the same column with no common superscripts differ significantly (p < .05).

LPL: Lysophospholipids (0 or 0.1% Lipidol); SEM: standard error of the means.

Table 5. Effects of treatments on jejunum morphology and viable cell counts of microflora in ileo-caecal of broiler chickens.

Oil source (%)	LPL	Jejunum morphology (µm)					Microbial population (log10 cfu/g)
		VL	VW	CD	VL/CD	VSA (mm^2)	Lactobacillus	E. coli
Soybean	0	1120.9	155.67	208.03	5.39	0.54	6.93	5.26
Soybean	0.1	1111.0	168.09	197.15	5.64	0.58	7.29	5.05
Flaxseed	0	1111.3	173.60	228.43	4.90	0.60	6.82	5.21
Flaxseed	0.1	1254.8	207.89	196.08	6.39	0.81	7.59	5.09
Sesame	0	1197.6	201.53	210.06	5.73	0.76	7.11	5.41
Sesame	0.1	1244.7	215.77	194.38	6.42	0.84	7.87	5.01
SEM		49.47	14.46	6.52	0.29	0.06	0.17	0.19
Main effects
Soybean		1115.9	161.89^b	202.59	5.25	0.56^b	7.11	5.15
Flaxseed		1183.0	190.75^ab	212.26	5.65	0.71^ab	7.20	5.15
Sesame		1221.2	208.66^a	202.22	6.07	0.79^a	7.49	5.21
SEM		34.96	10.21	4.60	0.20	0.04	0.12	0.13
	0	1143.3	176.94	215.51	5.34	0.64	6.95	5.29
	0.1	1203.5	197.26	195.87	6.15	0.75	7.58	5.05
SEM		28.59	8.35	3.76	0.17	0.03	0.10	0.11
P-value
Oil source		0.123	0.015	0.244	0.161	0.007	0.109	0.944
LPL		0.152	0.107	0.001	0.003	0.066	0.004	0.129
Oil source × LPL		0.317	0.708	0.259	0.120	0.418	0.442	0.781

Means within the same column with no common superscripts differ significantly (p < .05).

LPL: Lysophospholipids (0 or 0.1% Lipidol); VL, villus length: VW, villus width; CD, crypt depth; VSA: villus surface area; SEM: standard error of the means.

Table 6. Effects of dietary treatments on the nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.

Oil source (%)	LPL	Item
		Dry matter	Crude protein	Ether extract
Soybean	0	72.49	70.25	77.51
Soybean	0.1	74.50	73.03	79.98
Flaxseed	0	71.24	70.77	76.50
Flaxseed	0.1	72.76	73.99	85.23
Sesame	0	70.75	71.23	80.48
Sesame	0.1	72.25	73.98	85.24
SEM		0.95	1.17	1.49
Main effects
Soybean		73.49	71.62	78.75^b
Flaxseed		72.00	72.37	80.86^ab
Sesame		71.48	72.62	82.87^a
SEM		0.67	0.83	1.05
	0	71.51	70.75	78.15
	0.1	73.16	73.67	83.48
SEM		0.55	0.68	0.86
p-Value
Oil source		0.113	0.680	0.041
LPL		0.044	0.007	0.003
Oil source × LPL		0.956	0.972	0.134

Means within the same column with no common superscripts differ significantly (p < .05).

LPL: Lysophospholipids (0 or 0.1% Lipidol); SEM: standard error of the means.

Data statement availability

All data generated and analysed during this study are included in this published article.